BEHERAM YASHT

Khshnaothra Ahurahe Mazdāo. Ashem Vohū 1.

Pa nāme yazdān Ahura Mazda Khodāe awazūnī gorje khoreh awazāyād. Beherām yazad pirozgar dushman-zadār, amahe hutāshtahe berasād.anb

Az hamā gunāh patet pashemānum az harvastin dushmata duzhukhta duzhvarshta, mem pa getī manīd, oem goft, oem kard, oem jast, oem būn būd ested. Az ān gunāh manashnī gavashnī kunshanī, tanī ravānī getī mīnōānī, okhe awākhsh pashemān, pa sē gavashnī pa patet hom. Khshnaothra Ahurahe Mazdāo, tarōidīte angrahe mainyēush; Haithyāvarshtām hyat vasnā ferashōtemem. Staomi ashem Ashem Vohū 3.anc

Fravarāne Mazdayasnō Zarathushtrish vīdaēvō Ahura-tkaesho (Gāh according to the period of the day) frasastayaēcha. Verethraghnahe Ahuradhātahe vanaintyāoscha uparatātō, andkhshnaothra yasnāicha vahmāicha khshnaothrāicha frasastayaēcha, Yathā Ahū Vairyō zaotā frā-me mrūte, athā ratush ashātchit hacha frā ashava vīdhvāo mraotū.

(Kardāh I) (1) Verethraghnem1 Ahuradhātem2 yazamaide3, Peresat4 Zarathushtrō5 Ahurem Mazdām6, Ahura Mazda7, mainyō8 spēnishta9, dātare10 gaēthenām11 astvaitinām12 ashāum13. Kō14 asti15 mainyavanām16 yazatanām17 zayōtemō18. Āat19 mraot20 Ahurō Mazdāo21 Verethraghnō22 Ahuradhāto23 Spitama24 Zarathushtra25. (2) aneAhmāi26 paoiryō27 ājasat28 vazemnō29, Verethraghnō30 Ahuradhāto31, vātahe32 kehrpa33 dareshōish34, srīrahe35 Mazdadhātahe36, vohū37 khvarenō38 Mazdadhātem39, barat40, khvarenō41 Mazdadhātem42, baēshazem43 uta amemcha45.

(1) We praise3 Beheram yazata1 created by Ahura Mazda2. (The Prophet) Zarathushtra5 asked4 Ahura Mazda6; O Ahura Mazda7, Most Beneficent9

Spirit8, Creator10 of Corporeal12 world11 and righteous13! Who14 is15 the anfmost victorious18 amongst the Spiritual16 yazatas17?” Ahura Mazda said20: O Spitaman24 Zarathushtra25! (it is) Beheram22 (yazata) created by Ahura Mazda.”

anb i.e. May the victorious and the smiter of enemy Beheram yazad and well-made Ama (i.e. Yazata presiding over courage) come (unto my help)!

anc For its translation see Ahura Mazda Khodāe.

and i.e. For the worship of Beheram yazad created by Ahura Mazda and Vananti Uparatāt, (i.e. yazata presiding over victorious ascendency) pre-eminent Yazata, and for his praise, etc. (see Khorshed Nyāyesh, para. 10.)

ane Dr. Geldner takes this second paragraph in verse form of 7 lines.

anf “Best-armed” (Spiegel, Harlez and Darmesteter).

(2) Unto him26 (who worships and ask for his help). Beheram30 (yazata) anggoes28 for the first time27 in the anhshape33 of a strong34 and beautiful35 wind, and bears40 the good37 light38, glory41, the healing remedy43, and44 courage45.

(3) Āat46 ahmāi47 amavastemō48, ama49 ahmi50 amavastemō51, verethra52 ahmi53 verethravastemō54; khvarenangha55 ahmi56 khvarenanguhastemō57, yāna58 ahmi59 yānavastemō60, saoka61 ahmi62 saokavastemō63, baēshaza64 ahmi65 baēshazyōtemō66. (4) Āat67 tbaēshaō68 taurvayeni69 vīspanām70 tbaēshavatām71, tbaēshāo72 daēvanām73 mashyānāmcha74, yāthwām75 pairikanāmcha76, sāthrām77 kaoyām78 karafnāmcha79.

(3) (the) Most courageous48 (Beheram yazata) then46 (speaks) unto him (i.e. seeker for help)47: I am50 the most courageous51 in courage49, I am56 the most victorious54 in victory52, I am56 the most glorious57 in glory55; I am59 the most favouring60 in favour58, I am62 the most profitable63 in profit61, I am65 the most health-giving66 in health64.

(4) Then I will destroy69 the evils68 of all70 the tormentors71, (and) demons73, men74, of the wizards75, the witches76, the tyrants77, the Kiks and the aniKaraps.

(5) Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna Verethraghnem Ahuradhātem. zaothrābyō Verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, anjyāish dātāish paoiryāish Ahurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō-danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(5) On account of his1 splendour2 and glory3 I worship5 that4 Behram (yazata)9 created by Ahura Mazda8 with the audible6 (or famous) yasna7. We worship13 with libations10 Behram (yazata)11 created by Ahura Mazda12

according to the first16 laws15 of Ahura Mazda17.

(Kardāh II) (6) Verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide. Peresat Zarathushtrō Ahurem Mazdām, Ahura Mazda Mainyō Spēnishta, dātare gaēthnam astvaitinām ashāum. Kō asti mainyavanām yazatanām zayōtemō. Āat mraot Ahurō Mazdāo, Verethraghnō Ahuradhāto

ang Imperfect tense in the sense of the present tense, see Avesta Grammar, page 305.

anh To the man who worships Beheram yazata with a sincere heart and asks his help in times of difficulties, Behram yazata goes in different shapes on different occasions for giving him victory by casting away his difficulty. These different forms are described in the first ten kardās of this yasht.

ani For the explanation of the words Kik and Karapa, see glossary.

anj Yāish dātāish paoiryāish Ahurahe - these words occur in yasna Hā 46.15 in the Gathic form:- yāish dātāish paoruyāish Ahurahyā.

BEHERAM YASHT

Spitama ankZarathushtra. (7) Ahmāi26 bityō27 ājasat28 vazemnō29 Verethraghnō30 Ahuradhātō11 gēush32 kehrpa33 arshānahe34 srīrahe35, zairi-gaoshahe36, zaranyō-sravahe37, yim38 upairi39 sruye40 sinat41 amō42 hutashtō43 huraodhō44. Verethraghnō45 Ahuradhāto46. Avatha47 ājasat48 vohū49 khvarenō50 Mazdadhātem51, barat52 khvarenō53 Mazdadhātem54, baēshazem55 uta56 amemcha57.

(7) Unto him26 (who worships Beheram yazata and asks for his help) Beheram30 (yazata) created by Ahura Mazda31 goes28 running29 for the second time27 in the shape33 of a beautiful35 bull32-34 with yellow ears38 and golden horns37. Upon39 those horns40 has sat41 the well-shapen43 (and) beautiful44

Ama42 (i.e. courage). In this way47 (i.e. in the shape of a beautiful bull) Beheram45 (yazata) created by Ahura Mazda46 (who) bears50 the good49

light50, the glory53 and the healing remedy55, also courage,57 comes up48 (for the help of that person).

Āat ahmāi amavastemō, ama ahmi amavastemō, verethra ahmi verethravastemō, khvarenangha ahmi khvarenanguhastemō, yāna ahmi yānavastemō, saoka ahmi saokavastemō, baēshaza ahmi baēshazyōtemō. Āat tbaeshāo taurvayeni vīspanām tbaeshavatām, tbaeshāo daevanām mashyānāmcha, yāthwām pairikanāmcha, sāthrām kaoyām karafnāmcha.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish anlAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh III) (8) Verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide. Peresat Zarathushtrō Ahurem Mazdām, Ahura Mazda Mainyō Spēnishta dātare gaethanām astvaitinām ashāum. Kō asti mainyavanām yazatanām zayōtemō. Āat mraot Ahurō Mazdāo, Verethraghnō Ahuradhāto Spitama Zarathushtra. (9) Ahmāi26 thrityō27 ājasat28 vazemnō29 Verethraghnō30 Ahuradhātō31 aspahe32 kehrpa33 aurushahe34, srīrahe35, zairi-gaoshahe36, zaranyō-aiwidānahe37 yim38 upairi39 ainikem40 sinat41, amō42 hutashtō43 huraodhō44, Verethraghnō45 anmAhuradhātō46. Avatha47 ājasat48 vohū49 khvarenō50 Mazdadhātem51, barat52 khvarenō53 Mazdadhātem54, baēshazem55 uta56 amemcha57.

ank For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

anl For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

anm Dr. Geldner takes paragraph 9 up to here in the verse-form of 8 lines.

(9) Unto him26 (who worships Beheram yazata and asks for his help) Beheram30 (yazata) created by Ahura Mazda31 goes28 for the third time27

running29 in the shape33 of a white (or crimson)34 beautiful35 horse32, with yellow ears36 and anna golden caparison37. Upon39 the anoedge40 of which has sat41 the well-shapen43 (and) beautiful44 Ama42 (i.e. courage). In this way47

Beheram45 (yazata) created by Ahura Mazda46 (who) beans52 good49 lustre50, glory53, healing remedy55, and courage57, comes up48 (for the help of that person).

Āat ahmāi amavastemō, ama ahmi amavastemō, verethra ahmi verethravastemō, khvarenangha ahmi khvarenanguhastemō, yāna ahmi yānavastemō, saoka ahmi saokavastemō, baēshaza ahmi baēshazyōtemō. Āat tbaeshāo taurvayeni vīspanām tbaeshavatām, tbaeshāo daevanām mashyānāmcha, yāthwām pairikanāmcha, sāthrām kaoyām karafnāmcha.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish anpAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh IV) (10) Verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide. Peresat Zarathushtrō Ahurem Mazdām, Ahura Mazda, Mainyō Spēnishta, dātare gaēthanām astvaitinām ashāum. Kō asti mainyavanām yazatanām zayōtemō. Āat mraot Ahurō Mazdao, Verethraghnō Ahuradhāto Spitama anqZarathushtra. (11) anrAhmāi26 tūiryō27 ājasat28 vazemnō29, Verethraghnō30 Ahuradhāto31, ushtrahe32 kehrpa33 adhairyaosh34, dadānsaosh35 aiwi-tachinahe36, urvatō37 frasparanahe38 gaēthāush39 mashyō-vanghahe40.

(11) (Unto him who worships Beheram yazata and asks for his help), Beheram30 yazata created by Ahura Mazda31 goes38 for the fourth time27 in the shape33 of a camel32 burden-bearing34, tameable35, swiftly-running36,

ann With a golden caparison (Darmesteter). For its analogy, see Tir yasht paragraphs 18 and 46.

ano Or upon the forehead or face of which (horse). Sanskrit anika.

anp For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

anq For its translation, see Karda 1 of Beheram yasht.

anr Dr. Geldner takes this para 11 in the verse form of six lines.

BEHERAM YASHT

ansstrong37, stamping forwards38 (or having strong steps38), antcarrying the goods of men40.

(12) Yō41 arshnām42 frangharezantām43 mazishtem44 aojō45 ābaraiti46, mazishtemcha47 āmananghem48. Yō49 khshathrishva50 avāiti51 avāo52 zī53 khshathrīsh54 hupātōtemāo55, yāo56 ushtrō57 pāiti58 vadhairish59, ashbāzāush60, stvi-kaofō61, smarshnō62-daēma63 jīrōsārō64 raēva65, berezō66, amavāo67. (13) Yām68 he69 dūraē-sūkem70 dūire71 frazavaiti72 hitahe73, tāthryām74 aipi khshapanem7S, yō76 kafem79 aipi-spayeiti78 spaētitem79, upa vaghdhanem80 hukhshnaothre81 hupaitishtāne82. Yō83 hishtaiti84 vididhavāo85, yatha86 sāsta87 hamōkhshathrō88. Avatha89 ājasat90 vohū91 khvarenō92 Mazdadhātem93 barat94 khvarenō95 Mazdadhātem96, baēshazem97 uta98 amemcha99.

(12) Who41 (i.e. Beheram yazata coming in the shape of a camel) maintains46 the greatest44 strength45 and excitement48 amongst the strong43

male (animals)42. When he helps those anufemales50, they are best-protected58.

(13) (It is) the burden-bearing59, possessed of powerful shoulders60, largehumped61, anvquick62-eyed63, intelligent-headed64 (or sharp-witted64), handsome65, tall66 and courageous67 camel57 (i.e. Beheram yazata) whom (i.e. female camel) he protects58. His69 anwpiercing look70 anxgoes72 afar71 (like that) of a horse73 in the dark74 night75. And who76 standing upon his strong anyknees81 and stout legs82 throws78 white79 foam77 on his head80. In this way89

(i.e. in the shape of a camel) (Beheram yazata created by Ahura Mazda who) bears94 good91 lustre92 glory95, healing remedy97, and98 courage99, comes up90

(for the help of that person).

Āat ahmāi amavastemō, ama ahmi amavastemō, verethra ahmi verethravastemō, khvarenangha ahmi khvarenanguhastemō, yāna ahmi yānavastemō, saoka ahmi saokavastemō, baēshaza ahmi baēshazyōtemō. Āat tbaeshāo taurvayeni vīspanām tbaeshavatām, tbaeshāo daevanām

ans Professor Darmesteter translates it “long-haired”.

ant Or residing with man, social (root vas = to dwell). “Domesticated, of the house” (Professor Harlez). Taking the word as “gaēsāush” instead of “gaēthāush”.

anu An indirect suggestion may be taken as Female Camel.

anv Professor Darmesteter. “Bearded” (Professor Harlez); Sanskrit shmasru = beard.

anw i.e. Just as a horse can see afar in the dark night (see Karda 12 of this yasht).

anx Root fra-ju = Skt. pra-ju = to go forward, to hasten. If we take “aētahe” like Dr. Geldner instead of “hitahe”, it can be translated as:- He has the piercing look which can penetrate afar in the dark night.

any The meaning of “hu-khshnaothra” is also “very pleased”. But in the third kardāh of Srosh yasht Vadi the word ākhshnushcha in the sense of “knee” has occurred. I have felt it proper to take that meaning here. In these two places “khshnu” and “khshnao” instead of “znu” have occurred. Amongst the characteristics of a good camel the strong knee and stout legs are very essential.

mashyānāmcha, yāthwām pairikanāmcha, sāthrām kaoyām karafnāmcha.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish anzAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh V) (14) Verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide. Peresat Zarathushtrō Ahurem Mazdām, Ahura Mazda mainyō spēnishta, dātare gaēthanām astvaitinām ashāum. Kō asti mainyavanām yazatanām zayōtemō. Āat mraot Ahurō Mazdāo, Verethraghnō Ahuradhāto Spitama aoaZarathushtra. (15) Ahmāi26 pukhdhō27 ājasat28 vazemnō29, Verethraghnō30 Ahuradhāto31, hukehrpa32 varāzahe33, paiti-erenō34 tizidānstrahe35, arshnō36 tizi-asurahe37, hakerat-janō38 varāzahe, anupōithwahe40 grantahe41, parshvanikahe42 takhmahe43, yūkhdahe44

aobpāiri-vāzahe45. Avatha46 ājasat47 vohū48 khvarenō49 Mazdadhātem50, barat51 khvarenō52 Mazdadhātem53, baēshazem54 uta55 amemcha56.

(15) Unto him26 (who worships Beheram yazata and asks for his help) for the fifth time27, Beheram30 (yazata) created by Ahura Mazda31 goes28

moving29 in the aocgood shape32 of a aodboar33 opposing34 (or attacking34), sharp-toothed35, valiant36, with sharp-hoofs37, smiting at once38, being moderately fat40, wrathful41, smiting the rows of the army42, strong43, strongbodied44, rushing all around?5 In this way46 (i.e. in the shape of a boar) (Beheram yazata created by Ahura Mazda who) bears51 good48 lustre49, glory52 healing remedy54, also55 courage56, comes up47 (for the help of that person).

Āat ahmāi amavastemō, ama ahmi amavastemō, verethra ahmi verethravastemō, khvarenangha ahmi khvarenanguhastemō, yāna ahmi yānavastemō, saoka ahmi saokavastemō, baēshaza ahmi baēshazyōtemō. Āat tbaeshāo taurvayeni vīspanām tbaeshavatām, tbaeshāo daevanām mashyānāmcha, yāthwām pairikanāmcha, sāthrām kaoyām

anz For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

aoa For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

aob Dr. Geldner takes para 15 up to here in the verse-form of nine lines.

aoc In the original text this word occurs twice (vide 39th word).

aod Taking “hu kehrpa” according to Geldner if we compare hu (Sanskrit shu, su) meaning “a swine”, the meaning of “hu....varāzahe” then would be “wild bear, boar- pig”. For its analogy, see Meher yasht, para 70.

BEHERAM YASHT

karafnāmcha.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish aoeAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh VI) (16) Verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide. Peresat Zarathushtrō Ahurem Mazdām, Ahura Mazda, mainyō spēnishta, dātare gaēthanām astvaitinām ashāum. Kō asti mainyavanām yazatanām zayōtemō. Āat mraot Ahurō Mazdāo, Verethraghnō Ahuradhāto Spitama aofZarathushtra. (17) Ahmāi26 khshtvō27 ājasat28 vazemnō29, Verethraghnō30 Ahuradhāto31 narsh32 kehrpa33 panchadasanghō34 khshaētahe35 spiti-dōithrahe36, kasu-pāshnahe37 aogsrīrahe38. Avatha39 ājasat40 vohū41 khvarenō42 Mazdadhātem43, barat44 khvarenō45 Mazdadhātem46, baēshazem47 uta48 amemcha49.

(17) Unto him26 (who worships Beheram yazata and asks for his help), for the sixth time27 he goes28 running29 in the shape33 of a beautiful38 man32 of aohfifteen (years of age), handsome35, with shining eyes36, small heels37. In this way39 (i.e. in the shape of a beautiful man), (Beheram yazata created by Ahura Mazda who) bears44 good41 lustre42, glory45 healing remedy47, and46

courage49, comes up40 (for the help of that person).

Āat ahmāi amavastemō, ama ahmi amavastemō, verethra ahmi verethravastemō, khvarenangha ahmi khvarenanguhastemō, yāna ahmi yānavastemō, saoka ahmi saokavastemō, baēshaza ahmi baēshazyōtemō. Āat tbaeshāo taurvayeni vīspanām tbaeshavatām, tbaeshāo daevanām mashyānāmcha, yāthwām pairikanāmcha, sāthrām kaoyām karafnāmcha.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish aoiAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrā-

aoe For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

aof For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

aog Dr. Geldner takes para 17 up to here in the verse form of five lines.

aoh In the age of the Avesta, the age of 15 was considered to be the age of the blossoming of youth; see yasna Hā IX para 5; Tir yasht para 13.

aoi For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

byascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh VII) (18) Verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide. Peresat Zarathushtrō Ahurem Mazdām, Ahura Mazda mainyō spēnishta, dātare gaēthanām astvaitinām ashāum. Kō asti mainyavanām yazatanām zayōtemō. Āat mraot Ahurō Mazdaō, Verethraghnō Ahuradhāto Spitama Zarathushtra. (19) Ahmāi26 haptathō27 ājasat28 vazemnō29, Verethraghnō30 Ahuradhāto31, mereghahe32 kehrpa33 vāreghnahe34 urvatō35 adhara-naēmāt36. Pishatō37 upara-naēmāt38. Yō39 vayām40 asti41 āsishtō42, renjishtō43 fravazemnanām44. (20) Hō45 aēvō46 ushtanavatām47, ishva48 vasma49 apayeiti50; haschit51 vā nōit52 vā53 yatchit54 vazaiti55 hvastem56, yōS7 vazaiti58 zarshyamnō59; aghrām60 usaitīm61 ushāonghem62, akhshafni63 khshafnīm64 isemnō65, asūiri66 sairīm ishemnō68. (21) Vīgāthō69 marezat70 kaofanām71, bareshnavō marezat73 gairinām74, jāfnavō75 marezat76 raonām77, saēnish78 marezat79 urvaranām80, vayām81 vāchīm82 aojsusrushemnō83. Avatha84 ājasat85 vohū86 khvarenō87 Mazdadhātem88, barat89 khvarenō90 Mazdadhātem91, baēshazem92 uta93 amemcha94.

(19) Unto him26 (who worships Beheram yazata and asks for his help) for the seventh time27 goes28 flying29 in the shape23 of a bird,32 aokfluttering the wings34, stout35 in the lower part36 and aolwounding37 in the upper part38. Who39 (i.e. the bird) is swifter42 than (all other) birds40 and is lightest43

amongst the flying ones44. (20) He45 aomalone46 amongst the living creatures47

goes50 quickly49 like an arrow48. None other52, but only that54 bird goes quickly55 at the time of first60 glittering61 dawn62, wishing65 darkness64 to be no more dark63 and wishing68 aonweapon67 for those without weapons66.

(21) (That bird) desiring to hear83 the sweet voice82 of (other) birds81

aoogoes70 aopup to the tops69 of the hills71, to the summits72 of the mountains74,

aoj Dr. Geldner takes para 19 in the verse-form of seven lines, para 20 in the verse form of 8 lines and para 21 up to the word Susrushemnō in the verse- form of 5 lines respectively.

aok It’s another form is vārenjanahe (See para 35 of this yasht). In the shape of a bird (called) Vāraghna (Harlez and Darmeseter); vāraghana = valāk (Pahlavi) = Kolāg (Persian)=crow, raven.

aol Expanded from below and contracted from upward (Darmesteter).

aom i.e. Beherām yazata in the shape of a bird mentioned in this paragraph.

aon Sura = Sanskrit shula = weapon. If we compare the word sura with the Sanskrit shura (=Sun), its translation can be “he goes wishing the twilight before dawn full brilliance”.

aoo The English meaning of marezat should be taken in the sense of touch; Sanskrit root marz.

aop Side, flank” (Harlez; lonely place (Darmesteter). Possibly the word vīgāthō may be the abbreviated form of vīgātawō or vīgāthwō (Second person plural of vīgātu).

BEHERAM YASHT

into the depths75 of the valleys77, (and) up to the tops78 of the trees80. In this way84 (Beheram Yazata created by Ahura Mazda who) bears89 good86 lustre87

glory90, healing remedy92, and93 courage, comes up85 (for the help of that person).

Āat ahmāi amavastemō, ama ahmi amavastemō, verethra ahmi verethravastemō, khvarenangha ahmi khvarenanguhastemō, yāna ahmi yānavastemō, saoka ahmi saokavastemō, baēshaza ahmi baēshazyōtemō. Āat tbaeshāo taurvayeni vīspanām tbaeshavatām, tbaeshāo daevanām mashyānāmcha, yāthwām pairikanāmcha, sāthrām kaoyām karafnāmcha.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish aoqAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh VIII) (22) Verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide. Peresat Zarathushtrō Ahurem Mazdām, Ahura Mazda, mainyō spēnishta, dātare gaēthanām astvaitinām ashāum. Kō asti mainyavanām yazatanām zayōtemō. Āat mraot Ahurō Mazdaō, Verethraghnō Ahuradhāto, Spitama Zarathushtra. (23) Ahmāi27 ashtemō28 ājasat29 vazemnō30, Verethraghnō31 Ahuradhāto32 maēshahe33 kehrpa34 aurunahe35, srīrahe36 aornivashtakō-sravahe37. Avatha38 ājasat39 vohū khvarenō41 Mazdadhātem42, barat43 khvarenō44 Mazdadhātem45, baēshazem46 uta47 amemcha48.

(23) Unto him27 (who worships Beheram yazata and asks for his help) for the eighth time28 goes29 moving30 in the shape of a wild ram, beautiful, aoswith horns bent downwards37. In this way (i.e. Beheram yazata created by Ahura Mazda who) bears43 good40 lustre41 glory44, healing remedy46, also47 courage, comes up (for the help of that person).

Āat ahmāi amavastemō, ama ahmi amavastemō, verethra ahmi verethravastemō, khvarenangha ahmi khvarenanguhastemō, yāna ahmi yānavastemō, saoka ahmi saokavastemō, baēshaza ahmi baēshazyōtemō. Āat tbaeshāo taurvayeni vīspanām tbaeshavatām, tbaeshāo daevanām

aoq For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

aor Dr. Geldner takes para 23 up to this in the verse form of four lines.

aos Nivashtaka-ni=down; vashta-gashteh, gardideh (Persian)=turned, bent, root varet = Lat. Vertere = to turn; another form of varet is vash; “t” is changed to “sh”; e.g. peretu = peshu= bridge; vash + ta = vashta.

mashyānāmcha, yāthwām pairikanāmcha, sāthrām kaoyām karafnāmcha.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish aotAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh IX) (24) Verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide. Peresat Zarathushtrō Ahurem Mazdām, Ahura Mazda, mainyō spēnishta, dātare gaēthanām astvaitinām ashaum. Kō asti mainyavanām yazatanām zayōtemō. Āat mraot Ahurō Mazdaō, Verethraghnō Ahuradhāto, Spitama Zarathushtra, (25) aouAhmāi26 naomō27 ājasat28 vazemnō29, Verethraghnō30 Ahuradhāto31, buzahe32 kehrpa33 renahe34, srīrahe35 tizi-sravahe36. Avatha37 ājasat38 vohū39 khvarenō40 Mazdadhātem41, barat42 khvarenō43 Mazdadhātem44, baēshazem45 ut46 amemcha47.

(25) Unto him26 (who worships Beheram yazata and asks for his help) for the ninth time27 goes28 moving29 in the shape33 of a beautiful35 buck32 fighting34 with sharp horns36. In this way (Beheram yazata created Ahura Mazda who) bears42

good39 lustre40 glory43, healing remedy45 also46 courage, comes up38 (for the help of that person).

Āat ahmāi amavastemō, ama ahmi amavastemō, verethra ahmi verethravastemō, khvarenangha ahmi khvarenanguhastemō, yāna ahmi yānavastemō, saoka ahmi saokavastemō, baēshaza ahmi baēshazyōtemō. Āat tbaeshāo taurvayeni vīspanām tbaeshavatām, tbaeshāo daevanām mashyānāmcha, yāthwām pairikanāmcha, sāthrām kaoyām karafnāmcha.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish aovAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā,

aot For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

aou Dr. Geldner takes para 25 (up to tizi-sravahe) in the verse-form of 4 lines.

aov For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

BEHERAM YASHT

yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh X) (26) Verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide. Peresat Zarathushtrō Ahurem Mazdām, Ahura Mazda, mainyō spēnishta, dātare gaēthanām astvaitinām ashaum. Kō asti mainyavanām yazatanām zayōtemō. Āat mraot Ahurō Mazdaō, Verethraghnō Ahuradhātō Spitama Zarathushtra. (27) Ahmāi26 dasemō27 ājasat28 vazemnō29 Verethraghnō30 Ahuradhāto31 vīrahe32 kehrpa33 raēvatō34 srīrahe35 Mazdadhātahe36, barat37 karetem38 zaranyō-saorem39 frapikhshtem40 aowvīspō-paēsanghem41. Avatha42 ājasat43 vohū44 khvarenō45 Mazdadhātem46 barat47 khvarenō48 Mazdadhātem49, baēshazem50 uta51 amemcha52.

(27) Unto him26 (who worships Beheram yazata and asks for his help) for the tenth time27 goes28 moving29 in the shape33 of a radiant34 hero32

aoxpossessed37 of a sword38 with a golden hilt39, twisted by bending40 (and) alladorned41, created by Ahura Mazda. In this way42 (Beheram Yazata created by Ahura Mazda) who bears47 good44 lustre45, glory48 healing remedy50, also51

courage52, comes up43 (for he help of that person).

Āat ahmāi amavastemō, ama ahmi amavastemō, verethra ahmi verethravastemō, khvarenangha ahmi khvarenanguhastemō, yāna ahmi yānavastemō, saoka ahmi saokavastemō, baēshaza ahmi baēshazyōtemō. Āat tbaeshāo taurvayeni vīspanām tbaeshavatām, tbaeshāo daevanām mashyānāmcha, yāthwām pairikanāmcha, sāthrām kaoyām karafnāmcha.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish aoyAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh XI) (28) Verethraghnem1 Ahruradhātem2 yazamaide3, arshō-karem4,

marshō-karem5,

frashō-karem6,

hvākhshtem7, hvāyaonem8, Tem9 yazata10 yō11 ashava12 Zarathushtrō13, Verethraghnahe14 paiti manahi15, Verethraghnahe16 paiti vachahi17, Verethraghnahe18 paiti shyaothne19, Verethraghnahe20 paiti fravāke21,

aow Dr. Geldner takes para 27 up to here in the verse form of 6 lines.

aox I have translated in this way, taking barat-keretem as a compound; but if we consider a separate sentence from the word barat, it can then be translated as (Beheram Yazata in the shape of a hero) keeps (with himself) a sword with a golden hilt, twisted by bending and all-adorned.”

aoy For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

Verethraghnahe22 paiti pāitivāke23. (29) Ahmāi24 dathat25 Verehraghnō26 Ahuradhāto27, erezōish28 khāo29, bāzvāo30 aojō31, tanvō32 vīspayāo33 dravatātem34, tanvō35 vīspayāo36 vazdvare37, aomcha38 sūkem39 yim40 baraiti41 Karō42 Masyō43 upāpō44 Yō45 Ranghayāo46 dūraēparayāo47, jafrayāo48 hazangrō-vīrayāo49, varesōstavanghem50 āpō51 urvaēsem52 mārayeite53.

(28) We worship3 Beheram1 (yazata) created by Ahura Mazda2 (who is) yielding virility4, death bringing5, one who promotes6 (or who helps to progress6), standing steadily7 (or firm-footed7) aozpossessing sufficient vigour8. Him9 apaworshipped10 Holy12 Zarathushtra13 in thought15, word17, deed19, admonition21, and answer23 of Beheram (yazata)22. (29) Unto him24

(i.e. unto Holy Prophet Zarathushtra) Beheram26 (yazata) created by Ahura Mazda gave25 apbthe fountain29 of truth28, strength31 of both the arms30, health34

of the entire33 body32, happiness37 and that38 eye-sight39 which40 the fish43

(called) apcKara42 living in water44 possesses41. Explanation:- (As regards the eye-sight of Kara Fish it is stated),

That45 (fish called kara) can see53 apda thing of the size of the hair in the waters51 of (the River called) apeRangha46 whose ends lie afar47 (and whose depth is a thousand times the height of a man49.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish apfAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh XII) (30) Verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, arshōkarem, marshō-karem, frashō-karem, hvākhshtem, hvāyaonem, Tem

aoz Keeping advice (and) who has a free way (Darmesteter).

apa i.e. The Prophet Zarathushtra remembered all the good thoughts, good words, good deeds and admonitions of Beheram yazata. The Holy Zarathushtra worshipped Beherām yazata for gaining success in thought, word, deed, in conversation and prompt answering. (Darmesteter).

apb Similar to this Ashahe Khāo (source of righteousness); see Yasna Hā X.4.

apc As regards to the explanation of Kara Fish,see my translation of Vendidad fargard XIX, 42 nd

para and fargard XX, 4th para.

apd “Can see a rippling of water not thicker than a hair” (Harlez and Darmesteter). The meaning of Urvaēsa is also “end, extremity”, (see yasna hā 71, para 14).

ape Rangha was the greatest river amongst the ancient Iranians. The Xaxartes river (Spiegel, Justi and Geiger); the River Oxus (Harlez) the River Tigris (Darmesteter).

apf For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

BEHERAM YASHT

yazata yō ashava Zarahushtrō, Verethraghnahe paiti manahi, Verethraghnahe paiti vachahi, Verethraghnahe paiti shyaothne, Verethraghnahe paiti fravāke, Verethraghnahe paiti apgpāitivāke. (31) Ahmāi 24dathat25 Verethraghnō26 Ahuradhāto27, erezōish28 khāo29, bāzvāo30 aojō31, tanvō32 vīspayāo33 dravatātem34, tanvō35 vīspayāo36 vazdvare37, aomcha38 sūkem39 yim40 baraiti41 aspō arsha42; yō43 tānthrayaschit44 hacha khshafnō45 avakhshaityāo46 aiwi-awrayāo47, aspaēm48 varesem49 zemādha50 sayanem51 vaēnaiti52, katāro53 aghravō54 vā būnavō55 vā56.

(31) Unto him24 (i.e. unto the Holy Prophet Zarathushtra) Beheram26

(yazata) created by Ahura Mazda27 gave26, the fountain29 of truth28, strength31

of both arms30, health34 of the entire33 body35, happiness37 of the entire36

body35, and that38 eye sight39 which40 a horse possesses41.

Explanation:- (As regards the sharp eye-sight of the horse it is stated as under.)

Who43 (i.e. the horse) in the dark44 night45, aphperfectly-stilled and silent46

(and) overcast with clouds47 sees52 a horse’s48 hair49 lying51 on the ground50

(and apican recognise52 whether53 it is the head54 or56 the tail55.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish apjAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh XIII) (32) Verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, arshōkarem, marshō-karem, frashō-karem, hvākhshtem, hvāyaonem, Tem yazata yō ashava Zarahushtrō, Verethraghnahe paiti manahi, Verethraghne paiti vachahi, Verethraghnahe paiti shyaothne, Verethraghnahe paiti fravāke, Verethraghnahe paiti apkpaitivake. (33) Ahmāi24 dathat25 Verethraghnō26 Ahuradhāto27, erezōish28 khāo29, bāzvāo30 aojō31, tanvō32 vīspayāo33 dravatātem34, tanvō35 vīspayāo36

apg For its translation see Karda XI, para 28 of the yasht.

aph “Dark and without any light whatever” (Speigel and Harlez); “obscure and dark, totally dark” (Darmesteter). It is said about the Arabian horses that they can see a hair lying on the ground in the darkest night. See English translation of Bundehesh by Professor West.

api We find in the Pahlavi Bundahesh Chapter 19 para 31, writing similar to that given in Kardas XII and XIII.

apj For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

apk For its translation see Karda XI, para 28 of this yasht.

vazdvare37, aomcha38 sūkem39 yim40 baraiti41 kahrkāsō42 zarenumainish43. Yō44 naomyāchit45 hacha danghaot46 mushti-masanghem47 khrūm48 aiwivaēnaiti49, avavatchit50 yatha51 sūkayāo52 brāzayāo53 brāzem54, avavatchit55 yatha56 sukayāo57 naēzem58.

(33) Unto him24 (i.e. unto the Holy Prophet Zarathushtra) Beheram26

(yazata) created by Ahura mazda27 gave25, the fountain29 of truth28, the strength31 of both the arms30, health34 of the entire33 body32, and that38 eye sight39 which40 the vulture42 with a golden collar43 possesses41.

Explanation: (As regards the sharp eye-sight of the vulture it is stated:)

That (vulture) aplsees49 from the country46 up to nine times the distance a piece of flesh48 as thick as a fist47, the brilliance54 of a shining53 needle52 as well as its57 point58.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish apmAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh XIV) (34) Verethraghnem1 Ahuradhātem2 yazamaide3. Peresat4 Zarathushtrō5 Ahurem Mazdām6, Ahura Mazda7 mainyō8 Spēnishta9, dātare10 gaēthanām11 astvaitinām12 ashāum13. Yat14 bavāni15 aiwi-sastō16 aiwi-shmaretō17 pouru-narām18 tbishayantām19, chish20 anghe21 asti22 baēshazo23. (35) Āat24 mraot25 Ahurō Mazdaō26, mereghahe27 peshō-parenahe28 vāreiyanahe29 perenem30 ayasaēsha31, Spitama32 Zarathushtra33. Ana34 parena35 tanūm36 aiwi-sifōish37, ana38 parena39 hamerethem40paiti-sanghaēsha41. (36) Yānāo42 baraiti43 astavō44 vā45 takhmahe45, mereghahe46, parenavō47 vā48 takhmahe49 maereghahe50. Naēdha51 chish52 raēva53mashya54 jainti55 naēdha fraēshyeiti56. Paurvahe57 nemō58 baraiti58, paurva60 khvrenāo61 vidhārayeiti62, upastām63 mereghahe64 parenō65 mereghanām66. (37) apnTāo67 Ahurō68 sāstranām69 danghu-paitish70, nōit71 satem72 jainti73 viraja74, nōit75 hakeret76 jainti77 vaēsaēpa78, ōim79 jainti80 frasha aēiti81.

(34) We praise3 Beheram (yazata1) created by Ahura Mazda2. (Prophet) Zarathushtra6 asked4 (the Creator): O Ahura mazda7 most beneficent9 Spirit8,

apl i.e. from the highest height, about the vulture it is said that it sees a piece of flesh as thick as a fist fallen upon the ground from the highest height. See English translation of Professor West’s Bundeshesh, Chapter 19.

apm For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

apn Dr. Geldner takes para 37 in the verse form of 4 lines.

BEHERAM YASHT

Creator10 of the corporeal12 world11, (and) righteous13!

When14 I am15 apoinjured16, harmed and appcast by incantation17 amongst many tormenting19 persons18, am under the use of spells, what20 is22 the remedy23 then21 ? (i.e. how can I heal the wound?)

(35) Then24 spoke25 Ahura Mazda26: O Spitaman32 Zarathushtra33! apqthou shouldst seek31 the aprfeathers30 of the bird27 (called) apsPesho-parena28

fluttering the wings27. With that34 feather35 thou shouldst rub37 (thy) body36

(and) shouldst drive away thy enemy40 by curses41. (36) No51 one52 can smite55 (that) fortunate53 man54 (or) can harass56 (him) who42 holds43 bones44

of (that) strong45 bird46 or46 feathers47 of (that) bird50. (The person who keeps it) bears59 first respect58 for him57 (because) (on account of it he) maintains62

glory61. The feather65 of (that) bird64 amongst the birds66 (brings) help63

apt(unto the keeper.)

(37) The Lord68 of the rulers69 (or) the master70 of the land70 or the killer of hundred72 heroes74 (as well) cannot71 smite73 at one stroke76 (rather) that (bird) alone79 can smite80 all of them78 and apuexercise superiority81 (over them).

(38) apvVīspe82 teresenti83 perenine84, avatha85 māvayachit86 tanuye87, vīspe88 teresenti89 aurvatha90, vīspe91 teresenti92 dushmainyush93, amemcha94 verethraghnemcha95, nidhātemcha96 tanuye97 manō98. (39) Yim99 vashāonte100 ahurāonghō1, vashāonte2 āhuiryāonghō3, vashāonte4 haosravanghanō5; tem6 vashata7 Kava Usa8. Yim9 aspō arsha10 baraiti11, yim12 ushtro13 vadhairish14 baraiti15, yim16 āfsh17 nāvaya18 baraiti19. (40) Yim20 Thraētaonō21 takhmō22 barat23, yō24 janat25 Azīm Dahākem26, thrizafanem27, thri-kameredhem28, khshvash-ashīm29, hazangrayaokhshtīm30, ash-aojanghem31, daēvīm32 drujem33, aghem34 gaēthābyō35

apo Root aiwi sangh = Sanskrit abhi-shans = to injure or to curse.

app i.e. anyone has cast spell upon me; original meaning having remembered (the spell), (root, Sanskrit smar = to remember).

apq Take thou a feather of that bird called “Vārenjana” having big wings.

apr Bird, feather or wing symbolises for fravashi or guardian angel of an individual.

aps Ordinary meaning of Peshō-parena is “Owl-feathered (bird).”

apt Based upon the translation of Prof. Darmesteter. Taking yā nāo as two words separately, the translation of this para can be: The bones44 of the strong45 bird46 (called peshōparena mentioned above) or48 the feathers47 of (that) strong49 bird50 give support43 unto us42; (for this reason) any52

sensible53 person does not51 smite55 or does not drive away56 (that bird), (but) first he keeps59 respect58 for him57, (because) the feather65 of that bird64 amongst the birds66 gives62 (us) first66

glory61 (and) help63. This story resembles to some extent with he Simurgh’s feather in the Shāh Nāmah in the narration of Zāle Sām.

apu Original meaning, “goes forwards”.

apv Dr. Geldner takes para 38 in the verse form of 6 lines and para 39 in the verse form of 7 lines; each line ends at the stop (.).

dravantem36, yām ash-aojastemām38 drujem39 fracha kerentat40 Angrō Mainyush41, avi42 yām43 astvaitīm44 gaēthām45 mahrkāi46 ashahe47 gaēthanām48.

(38) Just as85 (they are afraid) apwof me86-87, (in the same way) all82 are afraid83 of the keeper of (that) feather84. (On account of the possession of that feather) (by means of) the courage94, victory95 (which are) established96(in him) and (by means of) the mental faculty (which is) engrafted (in his) body97 all88 opponents90 and enemies are afraid of him89.

(39) Whom99 (i.e. that efficacious bird or the possessor of the feather of that bird) the lords1 apxcall for assistance100, or those pertaining to the lords3

call for assistance2; (and whom) apythe members of the family of King Haosravangh5 called the bird for assistance4; (King) Kai Kaus8 called it for assistance7.

Explanation:- (Its significance is that these great persons also obtained benefit by means of the efficacious feather of that bird).

Whom (i.e. the bird)9 the horse10, the burden-bearing14 camel13 (and) the navigable18 water17 apzbear19 (support). (40) Whom40 (i.e. that bird) the gallant22 (King) Faredun21 bore23; who24 killed25 three-jawed27, threeskulled28, six-eyed29, aqaof a thousand wiles30, exceedingly-strong31, devilish32

Zohak26, Druj33 who was harmful34, unbeliever36 for (these) settlements; whom37 as the most powerful38 Druj39 (i.e. Zohak) Angra Mainyu41

aqbcreated40 on42 this corporeal44 world45 for the destruction46 of righteousness47.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish aqcAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh XV) (41) Verethraghnem1 Ahuradhātem2 yazamaide3,

apw Original meaning “for my86 body87.”

apx Desire eagerly; root vas = Sanskrit vas = to wish (Darmesteter).

apy Its meaning can also be men of “good reason”.

apz On account of the excellence of the feather of the bird called Peshō-parena, that bird was kept on the journey by land or in sea-voyage. We get such a hint from this paragraph.

aqa Crafty. Its meaning can also be “possessed of strength”.

aqb This para occurs in yasna Hā IX (Hāvanim) para.

aqc For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

BEHERAM YASHT

Verethraghnō4 avi imat nmānem5 gaosurābyō6 khvarenō7 pairiverenavaiti8, yatha9 hāu10 mazan mereghō saēnō12, yatha13 ave14 awrāo15 upāpāo16 masitō17 gairīsh18 nivānenti19.

(41) We worship3 Beheram (yazata1) created by Ahura Mazda, just as9

that10 big11 bird12 (called) Simurgh12 (with its wings) and these14 big17 clouds13

full of water16 aqdcover19 the mountains18 (with their shadow); (in the same way) Beheram (yazata)4 surrounds8 this house (i.e. aqeworld5) with glory7

through (his) aqfweapons.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish aqgAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh XVI) (42) Verethraghnem1 Ahuradhātem2 yazamaide3. Peresat4 Zarathushtrō5 Ahurem Mazdām6, Ahura Mazda7, mainyō8 spēnishta9, dātare10 gaēthanām11 astvaitinām12 ashaum13. Kva14 asti15 Verethraghnahe16 Ahuradhātahe17 nāma-azbāitish18, kva19upastūitish20, kva21 nistūitish22.

(42) We worship3 Beheram (yazata1) created by Ahura Mazda. (The Prophet) Zarathushtra5 asked6 (the Creator). O Ahura Mazda7, most beneficent9 Spirit8 of the Corporeal12 world11, holy Creator10! Where14 is15 the invocation of the name18 of Beheram (yazata)16created by Ahura Mazda? Where19 is15 (his) praise20? (And) where21 is15 (his) aqhcommendation22?

(43) Āat23 mraot24 Ahurō Mazdaō25, yat26 spādha27 hanjasāonte28, Spitama29 Zarathushtra30, rashtem31 rasma32. Kataraschit33 vishtāonghō34 ahmya35 nōit36 vanyāonte37, jatāonghō38 ahmya39 nōit40 janyāonte41.

(44) Chatanghrō42 perenāo43 vīdhārayōish44 avi pathām45 kataraschit46 yatārō47 pourvō48 frāyazāite49 amō50 hutashtō51 huraodhō52, Verethraghnō53 Ahuradhāto54, atāro55 verethra56 hachaite57. (45) Amemcha58 Verethraghnemcha59 āfrīnāmi60, dva pātāra61, dva nipātāra62, dva

aqd Or beat the mountains or touch the mountains (root ni-van).

aqe See my translation of Vendidad fargard 22, para 1.

aqf Gao = Sanskrit go=cow; sura = Sanskrit shula = weapon; gaosura = mace having the shape of a cow (original meaning); javelin (Justi); flag (Harlez); “Beheram yazata covers that house with the glory and (brings there) the increase (prosperity) of the cattle” (Darmesteter).

aqg For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

aqh i.e. Where is Beheram yazata invoked with his name and where are his praises sung?

nish-haretāra63, dva64 adhvaozen65, dva66 vidhvaozen67, dva68 fradhvaozen69, dva70 amerezen71, dva72 vīmarezen73, dva74 framerezen74.

(43) Ahura Mazda25 then23 replied24; O Spitaman29 Zarathushtra30! (Beheram yazata is worshipped and his praise is sung) where26 armies27

meet28 with one another28 with properly arrayed lines32. A warrior34 (who)33 is not36 smitten37 (and) the smiters38 (too) (who) are not40 smitten41 in this (battle)39. (44) Thou aqishouldst hold42 in hand (that efficacious) feather43 on the way45. Whoever, out of the two (armies)46-47 worships49 Beheram yazata first48, the well-shapen51 (and) beautiful52 Ama50 (i.e. yazata presiding over courage) and Beheram (yazata)53 created by Ahura Mazda follow57 him55

with triumph56 (45) I praise60 Ama58 (yazata) and Beheram (Yazata)59 (who are) the protectors61, preservers62 and guardians63. (They) both64 (i.e. Ama yazata and Beheram yazata) aqjforce (the enemies) to retreat65; (then) both66

(the yazatas) drive (the enemies) for away67; they68 drive (the enemies) forward69; both (the yazatas)70 wipe off (the enemies) exceedingly71; both74

(the yazatas) destroy75 (the enemies) (i.e. yazata named Ama and Beheram destroy utterly the enemies coming from all sides).

(46) aqkZarathushtra76, aētem77 mānthrem78 mā fradaēsayōish79, anyat80 pithre81 vā82 puthrāi83, brāthre84 vā85 hadhō-zātāi86, āthravanāi87 vā88 thrāyaone89. Aētaēcha90 te91 vāchō92 yōi93 ughra94 ās95, derezra96 ās97 ughra98 ās99 vyākhaine100 ās1, ughra2 ās3, verethraghne4 ās5, ughra6 ās7, baēshazya8 ās9. Aētaēcha10 te11 vāchō12 yōi13 peshemchit14 sārem15 bunjainti16, uzgereptemchit17 snathem18 apasha19 apa-khvanvainti20.

(46) (The Creator Ahura Mazda says):- Thou, O Zarathushtra! aqlshouldst not teach this77 Holy Spell to (anyone) except (these three) a father81 having sons83 or82 a brother84 born from the aqmsame womb86 or82 a priest87 of aqnthree

aqi Chatangrō - the exact meaning of this word is not settled; two, both (Harlez); four (Darmesteter). “Do thou spread that feather on the way of both (the armies)” (Harlez); “do thou throw four feathers on the way” (Darmesteter). In the text of Westergaard there is jatangrō instead of chatangrō. Spiegel has left out the meaning of this word.

aqj “Drive away to the right flank, to the left flank from all directions”. (Darmesteter). Dr. Geldner has taken the reading “adhvōzen, vidhvōzen, fradhvōzen”.

aqk The sentence from “Zarathushtra” up to “thrāyaone” (except the word anyat) of para 46 also occurs in the 9th para of Khordād yasht.

aql “Let not this Holy Spell be taught to anyone, except by the father to hisson,or by the brother to his brother from the same womb, or by the Athravan to his pupil” (Prof. Darmesteter). This Holy Spell should not be taught to anyone except to his father, to his son, to his own another brother from the same womb, or to the appointed priest of his own house (i.e. unto that appointed priest getting remuneration from the house).

aqm i.e. a brother who has another brother or sister.

aqn The significance of “three religious orders” can be Herbad, Mobed, and Dastur. If the word thrāyaone be derived from the root thrā (to nourish) instead of taking thrāya, meaning “three”, then the meaning of “āthravanāi thrāyaone” can thus be “the priest nourish (the poor)”.

BEHERAM YASHT

religious orders89.

(O Zarathushtra!) these90 words92 (i.e. the words of Holy Spell mentioned in the above paragraph) (are) for thee91.

Explanation:- (Its description as to what sort of these Holy Spells are is stated as follows).

Which93 (Spells) aqoare efficacious94 (and) courageous96; (those Spells) are99 efficacious98 for a person sitting in the assembly100, for victory4, are powerful6 (and) healing8. (O Zarathushtra!) those10 words12 (are) for thee11, which13 purify16 the sinful14 aqphead15 and renders the uplifted16 weapon18

ineffective20.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish aqqAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh XVII) (47) Verethraghnem1 Ahuradhātem2 yazamaide3. Yō4 vīrāzaiti5 antare6 rāshta7 rasmana8 ācha paracha peresaite9 hadha Mithra10 hadha Rashnavō11, kō12 MithremL3 aiwi-druzaiti14, kō15 Rashnūm16 paiti-irinakhti17, kahmāi18 yaskemcha19 mahrkemcha20 azem21 bakhshāni22 khshayamnō23. (48) Āat24 mraot25 Ahurō Mazdaō26, yim27 mashyāka28 frāyazāonte29 Verethraghnō30 Ahuradhāto31, data-he32 yim33 shyeiti34 dāityōtemō35 yasnascha36 vahmascha37, ashāt hacha yat vahishtāt38. aqrNōit39 ithra40 Airyāo danghāvō41 frāsh hyat42 haēna43, nōit44 vōighna45, nōit46 pāma47, nōit48 kapastish49, nōit50 haēnyō51 rathō52, nōit53 uzgereptō54 drafshō55.

(47) We praise3 Beheram (yazata)1 created by Ahura Mazda2; who4 goes along to issue a command5 between6 the lines of army8 well-arrayed7, (and) along with Meher10 (and) Rashne (yazata)11 asks9 (men of that army):-

Who12 deceives14 Meher (yazata)? Who15 aqsoffends17 Rashna yazata?

aqo Originally this verb (ās) is in the imperfect tense. For its explanation see my Avesta Grammar, Syntax, page 305.

aqp Or improves the sinful or depraved chief (see yasna Hā 11, para 3).

aqq For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

aqr From here, i.e. from “nōit ithra Airyāo danghāvō” up to “baēvareghnāi ahākhshtaghnāishcha” at the end of para 53 of this yasht, occurs also in paras 56-61 of Tir yasht.

aqs Original meaning; “pours out”. The significance of it is, “man who breaks his given promise and destroys truth?”

Unto whom18 shall I21 who am powerful23 (or the ruler)23 grant22 disease19 and death20?

(48) Thereupon24 Ahura Mazda26 replied25: If27 men28 worship29 Beheram (yazata)30 created by Ahura Mazda31 and if33 they aqtcontinue34 to perform properly for him32 the most proper35 worship36 and invocation37 with the best righteousness, (then) here40 (i.e.) unto the Iranian Countries aqucan come up42

neither39 the hostile army43 nor44 calamity45 (or obstacles), neither46

aqvdisease47 nor48 aqwfraud49, neither50 chariots52 of the hostile army51 nor the uplifted54 banner55 (of the enemy).

(49) Paiti dim56 peresat57 Zarathushtrō58, kat59 zī60 asti61 Ahura Mazda62, Verethraghnahe63 Ahuradhātahe64 dāityōtemō65 yasnascha67 vahmascha ashāt hacha yat vahishtāt68. (50) Āat69 mraot70 Ahurō Mazdaō71, zaothrāo72 he73 uzbārayen74 Airyāo danghāvō75; baresma76 he77 starenayen78 Airyāo danghāvō79; pasūm80 he81 pachayen82 Airyāo danghāvō83; aurushem84 vā85, vohū-gaonem86 vā87 kāchit88 vā89 gaonanām90 hamō-gaonem91.

(49) (The Prophet) Zarathushtra58 asked57 Him (i.e. the Creator Ahura Mazda); O Ahura Mazda62! which59 is61 the most proper654 worship66 and invocation67 indeed60 of Beheram (yazata)63 created by (you) and (performed) with the best righteousness68?

(50) Thereupon69 (the Creator) Ahura Mazda71 replied79; (The people of) Iranian countries75 may bring74 libations72 for him73 (i.e. for Beheram yazata), aqxmay spread the Baresman76 for him77, aqymay cook82 for him81 the cattle80 of white colour84 or85 of aqzgood colour86 or of one and the same colour91

whatever88 the colour90.

(51) Mā92 he93 mairyō94 gēurvayōit95, mā96 jahika97 mā98 ashāvō99 asrāvayat-gāthō100, ashumerekhsh1, paityārenō2 imām3 daēnām4 yām5 Āhuirīm6 Zarathushtrīm7. (52) Yezishe8 mairyō9 gēurvayāt10, jahika11 vā12, ashāvō13 vā14 asrāvayat-gāthō15 ahumerekhsh16, paityārenō17 imām18 daēnām19 yām20 Āhūirīm21 Zarathushtrīm22, para baēshaza23 hachaite24

aqt Original meaning “dwell, abide”; i.e. when the yasna worthy of Beheram yazata is performed with guileless and sincere heart.

aqu The original meaning of the very hyāt is “can be”. This verb is potential mood third person singular parasmaipada of root ah to be; Sanskrit syāt.

aqv Pāman - Sanskrit pāman - its original meaning is “scale, skin-disease”; “leprosy” (Harlez and Darmesteter).

aqw Poison produced by “magic” (Harlez); “a poisonous herb” (Darmesteter).

aqx Let tie the bundles of baresma (Darmesteter).

aqy i.e. any consecrate the meal in honour of Beheram yazata after cooking with purity.

aqz “Of golden colour” (Harlez); vohu = Sanskrit vasu = gold, fire (Harlez), of black colour (Darmesteter).

BEHERAM YASHT

Verethraghnō25 Ahuradhāto26. (53) Hamatha27 Airyābyō danghubyō28 vōighnāo29 jasāonti30; hamatha31 Airyābyō danghubyō32 haēna33 frapātaonti34; hamatha35 Airyābyō danghubyō36 janyāonte37 panchasaghnāi38 sataghnāishcha39, sataghnāi40 hazanghraghnāishcha41, hazangraghnāi42 baēvareghnāishcha43, baēvareghnāi44 ahākhshtaghnāishcha45. (54) araAdhāt46 uiti47 fravashata48, Verethraghnō49 Ahuradhāto50, nōit51 narō52 yesnyō53 vahmyō54 gēush55 urva56 dāmi-dāto57, yat58 nūrem59 vyāmbura60 daēva61 mashyāka62 daēvayāzō63, vohunīm64 vā65 tāchayeinti66, frashaēkem57 vā68 frashichanti69.

Explanation:- (The libations consecrated in the honour of Beheram yazata should not be taken or eaten by the persons mentioned below).

(51) Let not92 the sinful person94 hold in hand95 that (consecrated thing) nor96 (let) the courtesan97 (hold it in hand) or the violator of righteousness99, one who recites the Gathas without chanting100, the destroyer of the world1

(or) the opponent2 of this3 religion4 which5 is of Ahura Mazda6 revealed by Zarathushtra7 (i.e. the enemy of the religion) - (all of them need) not98 (hold in hands that consecrated thing). (52) But if the sinful person9 or12 the courtesan11 or14 the violator of righteousness13, one who recites the Gathas without chanting15, the destroyer of the world16, (or) the opponent17 of this18

religion19 which20 is of Ahura Mazda21 revealed by Zarathushtra22 holds it in hand10, Beheram yazata25 created by Ahura Mazda26 then arbsnatches away24

the healing virtues23. (53) (Hence) equally27 (or ever)calamities29 will come30

upon the Iranian countries28, (people) of the Iranian countries36 will be smitten37 from fifties38 to hundred-fold39, from hundred fold40 to thousand fold41, from thousand fold42 to ten thousand fold43, for innumerable45 times. (54) Then46 Beheram (yazata)44 created by Ahura Mazda50 said48 thus47:-

O men52! arcthe soul56 of the Universe55 created by wisdom57 (i.e. the entire world) is not51 worthy of worship53 (and) worthy of invocation54, because58

now59 the demons61 (called ardVyāmbura60 and men worshipping63 the demons63 cause the blood64 to flow66 or68 arespread the practice of evil67-69.

(55) Yat nūrem1 vyāmbura2 daēva3, mashyāka4 daēvayāzos avi6 ātarem7 ābarenti8 aētayāo9 urvarayāo10, yā11 vaoche12 haperesi13 nāma14 aētem15 aēsmem16 yō17 vaoche18 nemetka19 nāma20.

ara Dr. Geldner takes para 54 in the verse form of 8 lines.

arb i.e. deprives of the means of prosperity and welfare of the country; para-hachaite means “deprives of”; hachaite means “follows”.

arc For its analogy see yasna Hā 29, stanza 1.

ard “tearing off, lacerating” (Spiegel); “violent, insulting, ridiculing” derived from Sanskrit root ambh (Harlez)

are Original meaning “spill the pouring” root shik, shich, Persian shinjidan = to pour.

(56) arfYat nūrem21 vyāmbura22 daēva23, mashyāka24 daēvayāzō25, frā parshtīm26 nāmayeinti27, vī maidhyānem28 fshānayeinti29, vīspe30 handāma31 rāzayeinti32, jana33 hō34 saidhin35 nōit36 janen37, hadha38 hō39 saidhin40 nōit41 hadhen42 yat nūrem43 vyāmbura44 daēva45, mashyāka46 daēvayāzo47, ushi48 pairi-dārayeinti49, daēma50 hō51 pairi-urvaēsayeiti52.

(55) Now1 demons3 (called) Vyāmbura2 and men4 worshipping the demons5 carry8 near6 the fire7 (for burning) this9 tree10 which is called12

arghaperesi (and) this15 fuel16 which17 is called18 nemetka. (56) Now21 the demons23 called Vyāmbura22 and men24 worshipping the demons25 bend27

(their) backs, stretch29 (their) waists28 (and) adjust32 all30 the limbs31 (of their body). Here34 (those demons) who smite33 arhattack35 (but) could not36 arikill42

(i.e. they could not succeed in their wicked motives). Now43 the demons45

(called) Vyāmbura44 and demon worshipping47 men46 cover the intellects48 (of others) and arjalso their eye-sight50.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish arkAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh XVIII) (57) Verethraghnem1 Ahuradhātem2 yazamaide3. Haomem4 baires sāiri-baoghem6, Haomem7 verethrājanem8 baire9, nipātarem10 vohū11 baire12 pātārem13 tanuye14 baire15; Haomem16 yim nivazaiti17 nivandāt18 apayeiti19 dushmainyaot20 ā peshana21 hacha22. (58) Yatha23 azem24 aom25 spādhem26 vanāni27, yatha28 azem29 aom30 spādhem31 nivanāni32, yatha55 azem34 aom35 spādhem36 nijanāni37, yō38 me paskāt39 vazaiti40.

(57) We praise3 Beheram (Yazata)1 created by Ahura Mazda2. I keep with

arf Dr. Geldner takes para 56 in the verse-form of 11 lines.

arg Haperesi and nemetka should be some kind of green and bad wood unfit for bringing into use for burning on the fire. The meaning of the word nemetka is seen from its root nam (Persian nam = wet). According to Zoroastrian religion the fuel for burning should be quite dry and wellexamined in the light (see Atash Nyāyesh).

arh Root sad = Sanskrit shad = to attack.

ari Root hadh = Sanskrit sadh = to kill.

arj This entire paragraph is complicated; I myself am not sure of this translation, more accurate translation than this should be done. Professor Darmesteter translates the last sentence as follows:- “The intellect of Vyāmbura demons is weakened and the eye sight is spoiled.”

ark For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

BEHERAM YASHT

me5 Haoma4 (which is ) purifying impurity; I keep with me9 Haoma7 (which is) victorious8; I keep with me12 Haoma16 (which is) the protector of arlgood (thing)11 and I keep with me15 (Haoma which is) the protector13 of the body14; whosoever drinks17 Haoma16 (by consecration) will secure escape18 from the enemy 20-21 in the battle21 (and) armwill gain success over him19 (58) so that23-24

I may smite27 this25 army26 (of the enemy), so that28 I29 may throw down32

this30 army31 (of the enemy) by smiting32,1 may subjugate37 the (army) which comes40 behind me39.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish arnAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh XIX) (59) Verethraghnem1 Ahuradhātem2 yazamaide3. Asānem4 sighūire5 chithrem6 abare7 Ahurō8 puthrō9 puthrāonghō10 baēvare-patayō11 amava12 ās13 verethrava14 nāma15, verethrava16 ās17 amava18 nāma19. (60) Yatha20 azem21 avata22 verethra23 hachāne24 yatha25 vīspe26 anye27 aire28. Yatha29 azem30 aom31 spādhem32 vanāni33, yatha34 azem35 aom36 spādhem37 nivanāni38, yatha39 azem40 aom41 spādhem42 nijanāni43, yō44 me paskāt45 vazaiti46.

(60) aroSo that20121 may move about24 with such22 victory23 as25 all26 other27

Iranians28 (do), so that29 I30 may smite33 and throw down38 this36 army37 (of the enemy), so that39 I40 may subjugate43 this41 army42 (of the enemy) which44

comes46 behind me45.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish arpAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō,

arl Meaning “vohu” is also a good thing, happiness, goodness.

arm “Whoso protects the Haoma from the blow (or trouble) saves himself from the enemy in that battle” (Professor Harlez). Supposedly the portion from “haomem yim niv azaiti” up to “a peshana hacha” appears to be parenthetical, i.e. a commentary.

arn For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

aro I do not understand the translation of the entire paragraph 59 from “asānem sighuire” to “amava nāma.”

arp For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh XX) (61) Verethraghnem1 Ahuradhātem2 yazamaide3. Yathā Ahū Vairyō 1; gave4 amem5, gave6 nemem7, gave8 ukhdhem9, gave10 verethrem11, gave12 khvarethem13, gave14 vastrem15, gave16 verezyātām17 tām18 ne19 khvarethāi20 fshuyō21.

(61) We praise3 Beheram (yazata)1 created by Ahura Mazda. (May there be) courage5 for the cattle4! praise7 for the cattle6! (good) words9 for the cattle8! (May there be) victory11 for the cattle10! fodder13 for the cattle12! (May there be) clothing15 for the cattle14! (Men) should not be hard17 to the cattle16

(because) they are arqprosperity-bringing our19 food20.

Explanation: Its significance is, men should protect the cattle, should give them sufficient food, take care of them at the time of extreme cold and extreme heat, and they should not be made to work with cruelty; because they are very useful for our happiness and benefit. The ox serves us in the work of tilling the fields and in carrying heavy burden; the cow gives milk from which several things are prepared for our food. It is written in yasna Hā XI that the cattle curse the master who does not take care of his cattle and does not give them sufficient food.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish arrAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh XXI) (62) Verethraghnem1 Ahuradhātem2 yazamaide3. Yō4 rasmanō5 schindayeiti6, yō7 rasmanō8 kerentayeiti9, yō10 rasmanō11 khvanghayeiti12, yō13 rasmanō14 yaozayeiti15. Avi rasmanō16 schindayeiti17, avi rasmanō18 kerentayeiti19, avi rasmanō20 khvanghayeiti21, avi rasmanō22 yaozayeiti23, Verethraghnō24 Ahuradhāto25 daēvanām26 mashyānāmcha27, yāthwām28 pairikanāmcha29 sāthrām30 kaoyām31 karafnāmcha32.

(62) We praise3 Beheram (yazata)1 created by Ahura Mazda, who4 i.e. Beheram (yazata) arsbreaks as under6 the columns5 (of the army of the enemy), cuts to pieces9 the columns8 wounds12 the columns11 causes to

arq For comparison see yasna Hā X.20 and yasna Hā 48, 5th stanza.

arr For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

ars Makes (the columns) “unsteady or shaky” (Professor Darmesteter).

BEHERAM YASHT

mingle15 the columns14 (of the army of the enemy) (and that) Beheram (yazata)24 created by Ahura mazda25 breaks asunder17 the columns16 (of the army) of the daevas26 and (wicked) mortals27, of wizards28 and witches29, of the tyrants30, of the artkiks and karaps, cuts to pieces19 (those) columns18, wounds21 and causes them to mingle23.aru

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish arvAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(Kardāh XXII) (63) Verethraghnem1 Ahuradhātem2 yazamaide3. Āat yat4 Verethraghnō5 Ahuradhāto6, thakhtanām rasmanām8 yūkhtanām9 shōithranām10 mithrō-drujām11 mashyānām12, apāsh13 gavō14 darezyeiti15, pairi16 daēma17 vārayeiti18, apa19 gaosha20 gaoshayeiti21, nōit22 pādha23 vidhārayeiti24, nōit25 paiti-tavāo26 bavaiti27.

Ahe raya khvarenanghacha, tem yazāi surunvata yasna, verethraghnem Ahuradhātem; zaothrābyō verethraghnem Ahuradhātem yazamaide, yāish dātāish paoiryāish arwAhurahe. Haomayō gava baresmana, hizvō danghangha, mānthracha vachacha shyaothnacha, zaothrābyascha arshukhdhaēibyascha vāghzibyō.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

(63) We praise3 Beheram (yazata)1 created by Ahura Mazda2. When4

Beheram (yazata)5 created by Ahura Mazda6 binds15 behind13 the hands of the promise-breaking11 persons12 of the columns8 of the serried7 and yoked9

(army) of the cities10, covers18 (their) eyes17 all around16 (i.e. makes them blind), keeps their ears20 afar from hearing19-20 (i.e. renders them deaf) and does not22 lend support24 to (their) feet23, and they become27 (quite) powerless25-26.

(To recite in bāz) Hormazd Khodāe awazūnie mardum, mardum sardagān hamā sardagān, hambāyaste vehān, oem behedīn māzda-

art kiks and karaps: See glossary.

aru Professor Darmesteter translates the sentence “avi rasmanō schindayeiti” etc., thus: “breaks the columns asunder, cuts the columns to pieces, wounds the columns”, etc.

arv For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.

arw For its translation, see Karda 1 of this yasht.