NIRANG OF SROSH YASHT VADI

the sacred thread26 (i.e. those Arabs who have accepted the Zoroastrian Religion), unto the Zoroastrians27, and unto good28 and holy men30 of the seven regions of the earth31!

FARVARDIN YASHT

Khshnaothra Ahurahe Mazdāo. Ashem Vohū 1.

Pa nāme yazdān Ahura Mazda Khodāe awazūnī, gorje khoreh awazāyād; Ardafravash berasad.abs

Az hamā gunāh patet pashemānum; az harvastīn dushmata duzhukhta duzhvarshta, mem pa getī manīd, oem goft, oem kard, oem jast, oem būn būd ested. Az ān gunāh manashnī gavashnī kunashnī, tanī ravānī getī mīnōānī, okhe avākhsh pashemān pa sē gavashnī pa patet hom.

Khshnaothra Ahurahe Mazdāo, tarōidīte angrahe mainyēush; haithyāvarshtām hyat vasnā ferashōtemem. Staomi ashem. Ashem Vohū 3.

Fravarāne Mazdayasnō Zarathushtrish vīdaēvō Ahura-tkaēshō (Gāh according to the period of the day) frasastayaēcha, ashāunām fravashinam ughranām aiwi-thuranām paoiryo-tkaeshanām fravashinam nabānazdishtanām fravashinām, khshnaothra yasnāicha vahmāicha khshnaothrāicha frasastayaēcha, yathā Ahū Vairyō zaotā frā-me mrūte, athā ratush ashātchit hacha frā ashava vīdhvāo mraotū.

(Kardāh 1) (1) Mraot1 Ahurō Mazdaō2 Spitamāi3 Zarathushtrāi4, aēva5 te6 zāvare7 aojascha8 khvarenō9 avascha10 rafnascha11 framrava12, erezvō13 Spitama14, yat ashaonām15 fravashinām16 ughranām17 aiwithūranām18, yatha19 me20 jasen21 avanghe22, yatha23 me24 baren25 upastām26, ughrāo27 ashaonām28 fravashayō29.

(2) Āonghām30 raya31 khvarenanghacha32, vīdhāraēm33 Zarathushtra34 aom35 asmanem36, yō37 uscha38 raokhshnō39 frāderesrō40, yō41 imām42 zām43 ācha44 pairicha45 bavāva46, Mānayen ahe yatha47 vish48, aem49 yō50 hishtaite51 mainyu-stātō52 handrakhtō53 dūraēkaranō54, ayanghō55 kehrpa56 khvaēnahe57 raochahinō58 avi59 thrishva60.

(3) Yim61 Mazdāo62 vaste63 vanghanem64 stehrpaēsanghem65 mainyutāshtem66, hachimnō67 Mithrō68 Rashnucha69 Ārmaiticha70 Spentaya71, yahmāi72 nōit73 chahmāi74 naēmanām75 karana76 pairi-vaēnōithe77.

(1) (The Creator) Ahura Mazda2 spoke1 unto Spitaman3 Zarathushtra4: O true13 (truthful) Spitaman14 (Zarathushtra)! abtI proclaim12 thee6 (abuin this way5) the vigour7, strength8, glory9, help10 and joy11 of the powerful17 (and)

abs i.e. May the holy Fravashis come (to my help)!

abt Considering that the termination mi of the present tense first person singular parasmaipada is dropped.

triumphant18 Fravashis16 of the righteous (people15); just as19 the powerful27

Fravashis29 of the righteous (people)28 come21 to my20 help22 (and) just as23

(they) (gave)25 support26 unto me24.

(2) On account of the brightness31 and glory32 of those (Fravashis)30, O Zarathushtra34! I maintain33 this35 sky36 which37 (is) abvlofty38, shining39 (and) beautiful40 and which41 (i.e. sky) encompasses45-46 this42 earth43 and around45. (That sky) (is) like47 abwa palace48.

Explanation:- (The description of the sky resembling a palace is stated below).

Which50 is51 on59 this abxearth60 abybuilt up by the Spiritual (yazatas)52, abzfirmly established53, with ends that lie afar54, acamade of shining58

diamonds55-57.

(3) Which (i.e. the sky)61 acbassociated with67 Meher yazata68, Rashna yazata69 and Spenta Ārmaiti70-71, Ahura Mazda has put on63 as a starbedecked65 garment64 woven by the Spiritual (yazatas)66. Its two ends76

acccannot be perceived77 by any person.

(4) Āonghām raya khvarenanghacha, vīdhāraēm Zarathushtra acdAredvim Sūrām Anāhitām, perethu-frākām, baēshazyām, vīdaēvām, Ahurō-tkaēshām, yesnyām anguhe astvaite, vahmyām anguhe astvaite. Ādhū-frādhanām ashaonīm, vāthwō-frādhanām ashaonīm, gaēthōfrādhanām ashaonīm, shaētō-frādhanām ashaonīm, danghu-frādhanām ashaonīm.

abu e.g. Kva aēva, i.e. in what way? In this way (see Vendidad III.40); Sanskrit eva = in this way, or adverb indicating “indeed verily”. Sanskrit eva.

abv The original meaning as adverb is “above”, “up there”.

abw Darmesteter. “Woven cloth” derived from Sanskrit root ve “to weave” (Harlez). Its ordinary meaning is “bird”.

abx Darmesteter. Original meaning “in the three-thirds”. In the matter of dimensions this earth is stated to be divided in seven regions, according to Avesta; besides this, the three equal parts of thickness or density of the earth are mentioned. First one-third is the surface of the earth; second one-third is the portion of the interior of the surface of the earth; the third one-third is the lowest, i.e. bottom portion. The significance of the word thrishva occuring in this para seems to be the first one-third, i.e. the surface portion.

aby Root stā = Sanskrit sthā = to be, to exist, to remain.

abz Root han-derez = to lighten, to bind.

aca Darmesteter. Original meaning “made56 of pure57 iron58”.

acb Original meaning “following” (Ahura Mazda). Its significance seems to be that the above mentioned three yazatas were also associated with this task.

acc Pari-vaēnōithe - potential mood third person dual parasmaipada.

acd Meaning: On account of the brilliance and glory of those (Fravashis) I maintain the Aredvi Sura, the undefiled. For the translation of the remaining portion, see first five paragraphs of Āvān yasht.

FARVARDIN YASHT

(5) Yā vīspanām arshnām khshudhrāo yaozdadhāiti. Yā vīspanām hāirishinām zāthāi garewān yaozdadhāiti. Yā vispāo hāirishīsh huzāmito dadhāiti. Yā vīspanām hāirishinām dāitīm rathwīm paēma ava-baraiti.

(6) Masitām dūrāt frasrūtām; yā asti avavaiti masō, yatha vīspāo imāo āpō yāo zemā paiti fratachinti, yā amavaiti fratachaiti. Hukairyāt hacha barezanghat avi zrayō Vouru-kashem.

(7) Yaozenti vīspe karanō zrayā Vouru-Kashayā, ā vīspō maidhyō yaozaiti. Yat hīsh avi fratachaiti; yat hīsh avi frazgaraiti Aredvi Sūra Anāhita. Yenghe hazangrem vairyanām, hazangrem apaghzāranām kaschitcha aēshām vairyanām kaschitcha aēshām apaghzāranām, chathvaresatem ayarebaranām hvaspāi naire baremnāi.ace

(8) Anghāoscha me aēvanghāo āpō apaghzārō vījasāiti, vīspāish avi karshvān yāis hapta. Anghāoscha me aēvanghāo āpō hamatha avabaraiti hāminemcha zayanemcha. Hā me āpō yaozdadhaiti, hā arshnām khshudrāo, hā khshathrinām garewān, hā khshathrinām paēma.

(9) Āonghām1 raya2 khvarenanghacha3, vīdhāraēm4 Zarathushtra5 zām6 perethwīm7 Ahuradhātām8, yām9 masīmcha10 pathanāmcha11, yā12 barethri13 paraosh14 srīrahe15, yā16 vīspem17 ahūm18 astvantem19 baraiti20, jumcha21 tristemcha22 garayascha23 yōi24 berezantō25 pouru-vāstrāongho26 āfentō27.

(9) On account of the brilliance2 and glory3 of those (Fravashis)1, O Zarathushtra! I maintain4 (this) wide7, large10 (and) broad11 earth6 created by Ahura Mazda8; which12 (is) the mother13 of (all) good15 things14; (and) bears on herself20 (or maintains20) (the people) of the entire17 corporeal19 world18 the living21 as well as the dead22 - and lofty mountains23, rich in pastures26

acffertile with water27.

(10) Yenghāo28 paiti29 thraotō-stāchō30 āpō31 tachinti32 nāvayāo33; yenghāo34 paiti35 pourusaredhāo36 zemādha37 uzukhshyeinti38 urvarāo39, thrāthrāi40 pasvāo41 vīrayāo42, thrāthrāi43 Airyanām44 dakhyunām45, thrāthrāi46 gēush47 panchō-hyayāo48, avanghe49 narām50 ashaonām51.

(10) Upon29 which28 (earth) waters31 of running stream30 (and) river33

flow32; upon35 which34 plants39 of many kinds36 grow from the ground37, for the nourishment40 of both cattle41 and men42 of the Iranian44 countries45, acgfive kinds48 of animals47 (and) for the help49 of righteous51 men50.

ace For the translation of paras 4-8 the beginning portion of Aredvi Sura Nyāyesh. For comparison, see Āvān yasht, first Five paragraphs.

acf Original meaning “of the beautiful prosperity or abundance”.

acg As regards five kinds of animals there is a reference in the first paragraph of the First Kardāh of Vispered: (1) those living in waters. (2) those living under the ground. (3) the flying ones or winged ones, (4) animals that wander wild at large, and (5) the grazing ones.

(11) Āonghām52 raya53 khvarenanghacha54, vīdhāraēm55 Zarathushtra56 azem57 barethrishva58 puthre59 paiti-verete60 aparairithintō61 ādātāt62 vīdhātaot63, vyāhva64 urvatchaēm65 asticha66 gaonacha67, drevdacha68 uruthwāscha69, paidhyāoscha70, fravākhshascha71.

(12) Yeidhi72 zī73 me74 nōit75 daidhīt76 upastām77 ughrāo78 ashāunām79 fravashayō80, nōit81 me82 idha83 āonghātem84 pasvīra85, yā86 stō87

saredhanām88 vahishta89 Drujō90 aogare91, drujō92 khshathrem93, drujō94 astvāo95 anghush96 āonghāt97.

(13) Nī98 antare99 zām100 asmanemcha1, drujāo2 manivāo3 hazdyāt4; nī5 antare6 zām7 asmanemcha8, drujāo9 manivāo10 vaonyāt11; nōit12 paschaēta13 vanō14 vantāi15 upadayāt16 angrō mainyush17 spentāi mainyave18.

(11) (The Creator Ahura Mazda says): On account of the lustre53 and glory54 of those (Fravashis)52 I57 maintain55 children57 in (the wombs of) the mothers58, saved60 and undying61 from the assaults62 of (the demon) Vidhotu63. (Besides)ach in it (i.e. in the wombs of the mothers) I aciform65 the bones66, the model67, acjsinew68, intestines69, feet70 and genital organs71.

(12) For73 if72 the powerful78 Fravashis80 of the righteous people79, would not75 have given76 help77 unto Me74, animals and men85 of Mine82 who86 ackare the best89 of the species88 would not81 have aclsubsisted84 here83 (i.e. in this world); (but instead there would have been the strength of the Druj, the dominion of the Druj and the corporeal world of the Druj.)

(13) Between” the earth100 and the sky1 (the Dominion) of the Druj1 and (the evil) spirits3 acmwould continue”, between6 the earth7 and the sky8 (the power) of the Druj9 and (the evil) spirits10 would succeed11; and never12

afterwards13 would Angra Mainyu17 subdue16 the victorious14 and loving15

Spenta Mainyu18.

(14) Āonghām19 raya20 khvarenanghacha21, āpō22 tachinti23 frātatcharetō24, khāo25 paiti26 afrazyamnāo27; āonghām28 raya29 khvarenang-

ach The exact meaning of vyāhva has not been ascertained. It seems to be the locative plural of the word vyā (see yasna Hā 48.7). Here this word can perhaps be vī + āhva; vī (prefix); āhva = demonstrative pronoun locative plural feminine; meaning “in them”.

aci Or to flourish; to nourish; to rear.

acj Based upon Bundahishn; “skin” (Darmesteter).

ack Stō (= Sanskrit stah) - present tense third person dual parasmaipada; root ah.

acl Āonghātem - Perfect Tense subjunctive third person dual parasmaipada (Justi); āonghāt - Perfect tense subjunctive third person singular parasmaipada; root ah = Sanskrit as.

acm Darmesteter. Drujāo manivāo - dvandva compound genitive dual; hazdyāt - its meaning is also “would snatch away, would seize away”; from the same root, words hazō, hazasnām are derived. The first ni - prefix occurring in this para should be taken with hazdyāt and the second ni with the word vaonyāt.

FARVARDIN YASHT

hacha30, zemādha31 uzukhshyeinti32 urvarāo33, khāo34 paiti35 afrazyamnāo36; āonghām37 raya38 khvarenanghacha39; vātō40 vāonti41 dunmōfrutō42, khāo43 paiti44 afrazyamnāo45.

(15) Āonghām46 raya47 khvarenanghacha48, hāirishīsh49 puthre50 verenvainti51; āonghām52 raya53 khvarenanghacha54, huzāmitō55 zīzanenti56; āonghām57 raya58 khvarenanghacha59, yat60 bavainti61 hachatputhrāo62.

(16) Āonghām63 raya64 khvarenanghacha65, us66 nā67 zayeiti68 vyākhanō69 vyākhmōhu70 gūshayat-ukhdho71, yō72 bavaiti73 khratukātō74; yō75 nāidyāonghō76, gaotemahe77 parō-yāo78 parshtōit79 avāiti80. Āonghām81 raya82 khvarenanghacha83, hvare84 ava85 patha86 aēiti87; āongham88 raya89 khvarenanghacha90, māo91 ava92 patha93 aēiti94; āongham95 raya96 khvarenanghacha97 stārā98 ava99 patha100 yeinti1.

(14) On account of the lustre20 and glory21 of those (Fravashis)19 the running and flowing24 waters22 flow23 towards26 inexhaustible27 springs25; on account of their28 lustre29 and glory30 the plants23 acngrow from the earth31

through35 inexhaustible36 springs34; on account of their37 lustre38 and glory39

the wind40 driving down the clouds42 blow41 towards44 the inexhaustible45

springs43.

(15) On account of the lustre47 and glory45 of those (Fravashis)46 the bearing mothers acobecome pregnant; on account of their52 lustre53 and glory54

(the bearing mothers) acpgive birth to children56 with ease55; on account of their57 lustre58 and glory59 (the bearing mothers) become61 rich in children62.

(16) On account of the lustre47 and glory48 of those (Fravashis)46 acqthe head of an assembly and acrthe interpreter of religious verses71 in assemblies70

is born68 with greatness66; who72 is acsthe lover of wisdom74; (and) who75 acthas come out80 victorious78 from the controversy79 (about the religion with Nodhas, (the son) of acuGaotema. On account of their51 lustre82 and glory83 the

acn i.e. from under the ground, freshness and wetness ever continue to get; the plants grow thereby.

aco Original meaning is: females bringing forth offspring49 keep51 pregnancy50.

acp Original meaning is: they give birth56 with easy delivery55

acq i.e. the chairman, the conductor of the assembly.

acr Original meaning: the interpreter of sacred verses of the religion; preacher.

acs Compare Khratu-chinanghō; see Vendidad fargard IV, 44th paragraph.

act Original meaning: “Comes proceeding from the arguments or becoming victorious” (parōyāo).

acu Dastur Darab. Avesta gaotema can be the exact Sanskrit equivalent Gotama. According to the English booklet published in the year 1898 A.D. entitled, The Reference to Gaotema in the Avesta, by Shams-uI-Ulema Dastur Darab: There were many Gotama’s; of them two persons attract our attention a good deal: 1. Rushi Gaotama; 2. Gotama Buddha, (the Founder of

Sun84, the Moon91, and the stars98 go1 towards99 (their own) path100.

(17) Tāo2 ughrāhu3 peshanāhu4 upastām5 henti6 dāhishtāo7, yāo8 fravashayō9 ashaonām10; tāo11 fravashayō12 ashaonām13 aojishtāo14 henti15 Spitama16, yāo17 paoiryanām18 tkaēshanām19, yāo20 vā21 narām22 azātanām23 frashō-charethrām24 saoshyantām25. Āat26 anyaēshām27 fravashayō28 jvanām29 narām30 ashaonām31 aojyehīsh32 Zarathushtra33, yatha34 iristanām35 Spitama36.

(18) Āat37 yō38 nā39 hīsh40 huberetāo41 barāt42 jva43, ashaonām44 fravashayō45 sāsta46 dainghēush47 hamō-khshathrō48, hō49 anghāiti50 zazushtemō51 khshayō52 kaschit53 mashyānāma54; yō55 vohu-beretām56 baraite57 Mithrem58 yim59 vouru-gaoyaoitīm60, Arshtātemcha61 frādatgaēthām62 varedat-gaēthām63.

(19) Itha64 te65 zāvare66 aojascha67 khvarenō68 avascha69 rafnascha70 framraomi71, erezvō72 Spitama73, yat74 ashaonām75 fravashinām76 ughranām77 aiwithūranām78; yatha79 me80 jasen81 avanghe82, yatha83 me84 baren85 upastām86 ughrāo87 ashaonām88 fravashayō89.

(17) In fearful3 battles4 the fravashis9 of the righteous (people)10 acvare6 the wisest7 for help5. O Spitaman16 (Zarathushtra)! Those11 which20 (are) the fravashis12 of the righteous13 Poryotkaeshas18-19 or21 of men22 yet unborn23 or of the Saoshyants25 who prepare the world for renovation24 are15 most powerful14 (or most efficacious14). Moreover26, amongst other fravashis27, the fravashis28 of the living29 righteous31 men30, O Spitaman36 Zarathushtra33! (are) more powerful32 than34 (those) of the dead.

(18) If acwthe ruler of any country with full power might carry42 good presents41 for acxthese40 fravashis of the righteous (people) whilst living43, he49

becomes50 a most acypowerful51 ruler12 amongst men54. (In the same way) (the king) who55 carries57 good gift56 to Meher yazad, the Lord of wide pastures and to Āshtād yazad61 the increaser of the world and the furtherer of the world63 (becomes the powerful ruler as well).

(19) O righteous72 Spitaman73 (Zarathushtra)! about the vigour66,

Buddhism). The first Gotama was the fifth Rushi. References about this Rushi Gotama as well as his son Nodhasare from Rigveda. Moreover, in 1887 A.D., Rev. Windischmann stated that the word nāidyāongho which is associated with Gaotemahe is proper name. From this Dastur Darab concludes that “Nāidyāongha Gaotema” of Avesta is the same as “Gaotama Nodhas” of the Rig Veda. Besides Professor Max Muller fixes the age of Rushis to 1500 B.C.; from this the age of the Farvardin yasht can also be estimated. Also the meaning of nāidyāongh becomes “weaker, more needy” and “treated with contempt” (see yasna Hā 34.8, Hā 57.10.)

acv i.e. “Grant help wherever deserving; in other words, exercise perfect wisdom in granting help; are most helpful” (Darmesteter).

acw Originally, “a person39 who38 (is) the ruler with full power16 of the country47”.

acx Pronoun hish can be applied to Fravashayō - fravashis as well as to huveretāo (gifts).

acy Root zu = Sanskrit ju = to be strong; original form zazvangh + tema.

FARVARDIN YASHT

strength67, glory68, aczhelp69 and joy70 of the powerful77 (and) triumphant78

fravashis76 of the righteous (people)75, I adaproclaim71 to thee65 thus64 (i.e. as stated above) (and) just as79 (those) powerful87 fravashis89 of the righteous (people)88 came up81 to my80 help82 (and) just as83 they adbgranted85 me84

authority86.

(Kardāh II) (20) Mraot1 Ahurō Mazdaō2 Spitamāi3 Zarathushtrāi4, āat5 yase6-thwā7 aētahmi8 anghvō9 yat10 astvainti11, Spitama12 Zarathushtra13, pathām14 jasāiti15 vithwaēso16 bōiwranām17 duzitanāmcha18 thwaynguhatām19 Zarathushtra20, yezicha21 thwaēshāo22 tanvō23, atha24 imā25 vachō26 dreiyayōish27, atha28 imā29 vachō30 framruyāo31 vārethraghnīsh32 Zarathushtra33.

(21) Ashāunām34 vanguhīsh35 sūrāo36 spentāo37 fravashayō38 staomi39 zbayemi40 ufyemi41. Yazamaide42 nmānyāo43 vīsyāo44 zantumāo45 dakhyumāo46 Zarathushtrōtemāo47. Hāitish48 hātām49, hāitish50 āonghushām51, hāitish52 būshyantam53 ashaonām54, vīspāo55 vīspanām56 dakhyunām57, zēvishtayāo58 zēvishtyanām59 dakhyunām60.

(20) Ahura Mazda2 spoke1 unto Spitaman3 Zarathushtra4: O Spitaman12

Zarathushtra13! if5 in this8 corporeal11 world9 the terror16 of the dangerous17, zigzag18 and terrible19 paths14 comes15 upon thee7, and if21, O Zarathushtra20! (there be) fear22 of (thy) body23 (i.e. if thou hast fear of coming upon any injury), then24 recite thou27 adcthese25 sacred verses26 (of Avesta mentioned below), Zarathushtra33! Do thou recite aloud31 these29 victorious32 (i.e. obstacles removing) sacred verses30 (of Avesta).

(21) I praise39, I remember40 (or I invoke40) the excellent35, heroic36 and beneficent37 Fravashis38 of the righteous34 (people)34 and sing (their) glory. We worship42 (those Fravashis) belonging to the house43, to the clan44, to the town45 to the country46 (and) belonging to the highest priest47. We worship42

the existing (Fravashis)50 of the righteous (men)54 that have been51, and that will be hereafter53. We worship52 (the Fravashis55) of (the people of) all countries57 (and) the (Fravashis58) of (the people of) friendly59 countries60.

(22) Yāo61 asmanem62 vīdhārayen63, yāo64 āpem65 vidhārayen66, yāo67 zām68 vīdhārayen69, yāo70 gām71 vīdhārayen72, yāo73 barethrishva74 puthre75 vīdhārayen76 paiti-verete77 apara-irithentō78 ādātāt79 vīdhātaot80. Vyāhva81 urvat-chayen82 asticha83 gaonacha84 drevdacha85 uruthwāscha86 paidhyāoscha87 fravākhshascha88.

acz i.e. As regards help and joy derived from them.

ada Present tense used in the sense of the Past tense; see my Avesta Grammar, paragraph 637.

adb Originally, “brought85 authority56 for me84”.

adc i.e. Avestan sacred verses from para 21 up to the end of para 25. By reciting the sacred verses occurring in these paragraphs courage comes to the reciter, having got rid of fear and dread of the road. For comparison, see Srosh yasht Hādokht, Kardāh 1, paras 4-7.

(23) Yāo89 ash-beretō90, yāo91 ughrāretō92, yāo93 hvāretō94, yāo95 vazāretō96, yāo97 takhmāretō98, yāo99 zaoyāretō100; yāo1 zaoyāo2 vanghuthwaēshu3, yāo4 zaoyāo5 verethraghnyaēshu6; yāo7 zaoyāo8 peshanāhu9.

(22) Who61 (i.e. Fravashis) maintain63 the sky62, water65, the earth68, the cattle71, (and) children75 in the wombs of the mothers74, saved77 and addundying78 from the assaults79 of (the demon) Vidhotu80. (Besides, those Fravashis) adeform82 the bones83, the model84, sinew85, intestines86, feet87 and the genital organs88 (of the children).

(23) Who89 (i.e. Fravashis) are well-supporting90, rushing-forth-steadily92, adfrushing on one’s self94, rushing forth vigorously96 with courage98, who99

(are) rushing forth when invoked100, and (are) worthy of invocation2 in goodness3 (i.e. in matters of goodness); who4 (are) worthy of invocation5 in victories6, (are) worthy of invocation8 in battles9.

(24) Yāo10 dāthrīsh11 verethrem12 zbayante13, dāthrīsh14 āyaptem15 chakushe16, dāthrīsh17 bantāi18 drvatātem19, dāthrīsh20 ahmāi21 vohū22 khvarenō23, yō24 hīsh25 yazānō kukhshnvānō27 zbayeiti28 barō-zaothrō29 ashava30.

(25) Yāo31 avadha32 para33 fraoirisishtāo34, yathra35 narō36 ashavanō37 ashem38 henti39 zarazdātema40, yathracha41 mazishtāo42 frēretāo43

adg[yathracha44 khshnūtō45 ashava46] yathracha47 atbishtō48 ashava49.

(24) Who10 (i.e. Fravashis) (are) the givers11 of victory12 to the adhinvoker13, bestowers14 of boon15 to (their) lover16, (and) giver17 of health19

to the adisick man. (Besides they are) the bestowers20 of good22 glory23 unto him21 who24 (is) their25 worshipper26, propitiator27, invoker28, offerer of libations29 (and) holy30.

(25) adjThe Fravashis (of the righteous people) (are) visiting most34 (or incline most) to that side35 where the righteous37 men36 are39 adkmost devoted40

add For comparison see yasna Hā 23, para 1.

ade For comparison see para 11 of the same yasht.

adf Or “on-rushing”; present participle feminine first person plural; original form ughra + aret; aret = going (present participle); root ere = Sanskrit ar = to go. Similarly, it should be considered in the case of words following it (hvāretō, vazāretō, takhmāretō, zaoyāretō).

adg In the original text this sentence is left out (see Prof. Geldner Avesta, II, Stuttgart, 1889, page 173, note 4).

adh Present participle dative singular masculine; root zba = Sanskrit hva, hve = to invoke, to call on for assistance, to praise, to remember.

adi Professors Harlez and Darmesteter.

adj The word yaō (who) at the beginning of paragraphs 22-25 applies to “ashāunām fravashayō” occurring in para 21.

adk Original meaning dedicators, i.e. devoted to righteousness.

FARVARDIN YASHT

to righteousness38, where41 there are39 adlmost42 revered43 (men), adm[where44

the righteous46 (man) (becomes) satisfied45] (i.e. pleased) and where47 the righteous49 (man) (is) adnpleased48.

(Kardāh III) (26) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6. Yāo7 aojishtāo8 vazentām9, renjishtāo10 fravazemnanām11, afrakavastemāo12 apa-srayamnanām13 anvarshtavastemāo14 fraschinbananām15, apairi-vastemāo16 snaithishāmcha17 varethanāmcha18; yāo19 afraourvisvat20 kerenvainti21 irem22 yahmya23 jasenti24.

(27) Tāo25 vanguhīsh26, tāo27 vahishtāo28 yazamaide29, yāo30 ashāunām31 vanguhīsh32 sūrāo33 spentāo34 fravashayō35. Tāo36 zī37 staretaēshu38 baresmōhu39 zaoyāo40, tāo41 verethraghnyaeshu42, tāo43 peshanāhu44, tāo45 idha46 yat47 narō48 takhma49 peretente50 verethraghnyaēshu51.

(26) We worship6 the good2, heroic3 (and) beneficent4 Fravashis5 of the righteous (people)1; who7 (are) the strongest8 of those that drive in a carriage, adomost agile10 of those marching forwards11, adpleast noisy of the retreating ones13, adqmost powerful of the supporters15, most invincible16 of the possessor of offensive weapons17 and of the defensive weapons18. (Moreover) in whatever place23 they19 go24 they never let go21 happiness (or adrgood fortune22) (from that place).

(27) We worship29 the excellent32, heroic33 (and) beneficent34 Fravashis35

of the righteous (people)31 who30 (are) good26 and the best28. They (are) indeed37 worthy to be invoked40 on the spread out38 baresman39 (i.e. in the functions of Yazishna, Vendidad, etc., pertaining to purifying priests), in the matters of victoriousness42, in battles44 and there46 (where) the gallant49

heroes48 fight50 adsfor (gaining) victory51.

(28) Tāo52 Mazdāo53 zbayat54 avanghe55, avanghecha56 ashnō57 vīdidhāra58 apascha59 zemascha60 urvarayāoscha61. Yat62 Spentō Mainyush63 vīdhārayat64 asmanem65 yat āpem66 yat zām67 yat gām68 yat urvarām69 yat berethrishva70 puthre71 vīdhāray at72 paiti-verete73 aparairithentō74, ādātat75 vīdhātaot76. Vyāhva77 urvat-chayat78 asticha79

adl Or pious - religious men (see yasna Hā 8 para 2); very charitable (Darmesteter).

adm In the original text this sentence is left out (see note above.)

adn Original meaning “untormented”, i.e. not ill-treated. (See yasna Hā 62-9).

ado “Most powerful in drawing (the carriage); the lightest amongst the occupants in the carriage” (Darmesteter).

adp Professor Harlez. The meaning of this word has not been fixed with certainty.

adq Original meanings “effective, efficacious, bearable”.

adr Professor Darmesteter.

ads Locative singular used in the sense of dative singular (vide yasht X.82).

gaonacha80 drevdacha81 uruthwāscha82 paidhyāoscha83 fravākhshascha84.

(29) Vīdhārayat85 Spentō Mainyush86, yāo87 amavaitīsh88 tushnishādho89 hudōithrīsh90 verezi-chashmanō91 sraoithrīsh92 dareghōrārōmanō93; yāo94 berezaitīsh95 berezyāstāo96, yāo97 huyaonāo98 perethuyaonāo99, ravō-fraothmanō100 dasathavaitīsh1 frasrutāo2 upadārayen3 asmanem4.

(28) (The Creator) Ahura Mazda53 adtcalled54 them52 (i. e. the Fravashis) for the assistance55 of the yonder56 adusky57, waters59, the earth60 and the plants61. advWhereby62 (i.e. by the assistance of the Fravashis)62 the Spenta Mainyu63 maintains72 the sky65, water66, the earth67, the cattle68, the plants69

and children71 in the wombs of the mothers70, saved73 and undying74, from the assaults75 of (the demon) Vidhotu76. (Besides, those Fravashis) adwform78 the bones79, the model80, sinew81, intestines82, feet83 and the genital organs84.

(29) Spenta Mainyu86 maintains85 the sky4 (and) adxthe Fravashis87 adyassist in maintaining it3.

Explanation:- (The detailed characteristics of Fravashis are now stated below).

Who87 (i.e. the Fravashis) are courageous88, sitting at ease89, possessing good eyes90, of effective glance91, adzhaving a keen sense of hearing92, giving excessive joy93, exalted95, high-girded96 having a good, spacious residence99, wide-stepping100, health-giving1 (and) renowned2. (They assist in maintaining the sky).

(Kardāh IV) (30) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 surāo3 spentāo4 fravashaō5 yazamaide6.

Hush-hakhmanō7 hvarezānāo8,

dareghaēibyō9 hakhedraēibyō10; upa-shitēe11 vahishtāo12 anāzaretāo13 aēibyō14 nerebyō15; vanguhīsh16 yōi17 vō18 vanghush19; gufrāo20 dūraēsūkāo21 baēshazyāo22 frasrūtāo23 vanat-peshanāo24; nōit25 paurvāo26 āzārayeinte27.

(30) We worship the good2, heroic3 (and) beneficent4 Fravashis5 of the

adt In English used in the sense of “The Heaven above”.

adu In this sentence the meaning of the predicate vīdidhāra (=supported, maintained) does not suit the context. According to the opinion of Dr. Geldner, there does not seem any necessity of this word.

adv This word (yat) is not in the instrumental singular, but it is in the accusative singular.

adw See paragraphs 11 and 22 of this yasht.

adx I have translated the word yāo by “Fravashis” which stood for the noun fravashayō.

ady Original meaning “those who hear”. The feminine gender of Sraotar (= Sanskrit Srotru = hearer, listener) became sraothri.

adz If we take the meaning of yaona as “help”, the word would mean “giving good help”, “giving sufficient help”.

FARVARDIN YASHT

righteous (people)1. Who (i.e. the Fravashis) (are) possessed of good friendship7; (and who are) aeabenefiting3 on account of their friendship10 for a long time9; (they are) best12 aebto live with11 (if) not offended13 by these14

men15. (They are) aecgood16 (for those) who17 (are) good19 amongst you18. (Besides those Fravashis are) aednot obvious20, far-glancing21, healing22, renowned23 (and) winning in battle24; (they do aeenot harm27 (anyone else) first26.

(Kardāh V) (31) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6. Ughra-zaoshāo7 tbishyanbyō8, upairi-kairyāo9 sēvishtāo10, yāo11 upairi12 hamarenādha13 aurvathanām14 tbishyantām15 ughrāo16 bāzūsh17 schindayeinti18.

(31) We worship6 the good2, heroic3 (and) beneficent4 Fravashis5 of the righteous (people )1. (Who, i.e. the Fravashis) (are) strong-willed against the tormentors8, doing excessive work (and) most beneficent10. (Moreover) who11 break to pieces18 strong16 arms17 of the tormenting15 opponents14.

(Kardāh VI) (32) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6; aredrāo7 takhmāo8 aojanghuhaitīsh9 anāmāthwāo10 khvāthravaitīsh11 khvāparāo12 baēshazayāo13, ashōish14 baēshaza15 hachimnāo16, zem-frathangha17 dānu-drājangha18 hvare-barezangha19.

(32) We worship6 the good2, heroic3 (and) beneficent4 Fravashis5 of the righteous (people)1 (Who, the Fravashis are) the bestowers7, strong8, powerful9, inconceivable10, giving comfort and ease11, self-supporting12 (and) healing13. (Moreover, who are) aefbringing with them16 the means15 of righteousness14 as wide as the earth17, as long as the river18, and as exalted as the sun19.

(Kardāh VII) (33) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6. Yāo7 takhmāo8 hām-vareitivaitīsh9 arezyeintīsh19 khrvīshyantish11 urvinaitīsh12; fraschindayeintīsh13 vīspanām14 tbaēshavatām19 tbaēshāo16 daēvanām17 mashyānāmcha18; amaē-nijanō19 hamerethe20 havāi21 kāmāicha22 zaoshāicha23.

(34) Yūzem24 vanguhi25 nisrinaota” verethraghnemcha27 Ahuradhātem28 vanaintīmcha29 uparatātem30, ābyō31 danghubyō32 sēvishtāo33, yatha34 vanguhīsh35 anāzaretāo36 khshnūtāo37 ainitāo38 atbishtāo39,

aea i.e. Fravashis are worthy of friendship and by keeping friendship with them continuously numerous advantages are obtained.

aeb i.e. by remaining in their relation as a friend much benefit is arisen.

aec With the good the Fravashis do goodness.

aed Original meaning “mysterious”. The meaning of gufra is “deep” see yasht XIX.51).

aee i.e. They do not harm anyone without any reason.

aef For comparison, see Yasna Hā 60, paragraph 4.

yūzem40 yesnyāo41 vahmyāo42 vasō-yaonāo43 frachrathwe44.

(33) We worship6 the good2, heroic3 (and) beneficent4 Fravashis5 of the righteous (people1). Who7 (are) strong8, protective, fighting (for the good cause)10, cruel (towards the wicked)11, aegobserving to a great distance12. (Besides they are) the destroyers13 of the malice16 of all14 the envious persons15, of the daevas17 (and) of men18 and courageous19 smiters of the enemies20 according to their own21 wish22 and will23.

(34) O ye good25 (and) most beneficent33 (Fravashis) when34 you are unoffended36, pleased37, unoppressed38 (and) untormented39 (by the Iranian countries), you24 good25 (Fravashis) grant26 victory27 created by Ahura Mazda28 and conquering29 superiority30 unto those31 countries32. You (who are) worthy of worship41 (and) worthy of adoration42 aehmove about44

aeiexercising authority over the aerial space according to your will43.

(Kardāh VIII) (35) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6; frasrūtāo7 vanat-peshanāo8 avi-amāo9 spārodāshtāo10 amuyumnāo11 razishtanām12; yāo13 ava-zbayatō14 avanghe15 vyāscha16 vyānascha17 apatēe18 zbayeiti19 vyās20, apa-gatēe21 vyānō22.

(36) Yāo avadha para fraoirisishtāo, yathra narō ashavanō ashem henti zrazdātema, yathracha mazishtāo freretāo, aej[yathracha khshnutō ashava], yathracha atbishtō aekashava.

(35) We worship6 the good2, heroic3 (and) beneficent4 Fravashis3 of the righteous (people)1. (Who are) renowned7, winning in battle8, courageous9, shield-bearing10 and aelfirm11 amongst the most just12. (Moreover) whom13

both the pursuer16 and aemthe pursued17 aeninvoke14 for help15. The pursuer20

aeo[for catching18 (the pursued) and the aeppursued22] for escaping21 (from the pursuer) (invoke the Fravashis for help).

aeg Original form uru + vaēnant; uru = wide; root vin = to see.

aeh fracharathwe - present tense second person plural atmanepada; root char = Sanskrit char.

aei In English, “space”. The meaning of vasō-yaonāo can also be, “assisting at will”.

aej This sentence is left out in the original text (see Prof. Geldner, Avesta II Stuttgart, 1889, page 175, 36, line 5.

aek For its translation, see para 25 of this yasht.

ael Original meaning “not moving” (root mu = to move), i.e. immovable in any way in the matter of justice.

aem Vyāscha - present participle parasmaipada first person singular masculine; vyānascha present participle atmanepada; root vī = Sanskrit vī; vī + ant + s; vī + ān + s.

aen Ava-zbayatō - present tense third person dual parasmaipada; root zbāi. apatēe - noun dative singular; root up = to reach; ap + ati.

aeo This sentence is left out in the original text. See above.

aep apa-gatēe - noun dative singular; apa-gati = running away; apa = away; root gam; gam+ti = gaiti = Sans gati = going; movement; motion.

FARVARDIN YASHT

(Kardāh IX) (37) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6. Pouru-spādhāo7 yasto-zayāo8 uzgereptō-drafshāo9 bāmyāo10. Yāo11 ughrāhu12 peshanāhu13 tadha14 nijasen15 khshtevivyō16, tadha17 yōi18 takhma19 khshtāvayō20 dānubyō21 azen22 peshanāo23.

(38) Yūzem24 tadha25 taurvayata26 verethrem27 dānunām28 Tūranām29, yuzem30 tadha31 taurvayata32 tbaēshāo33 dānunām34 Tūranām35, Yūshmaoyō36 parō37 kershnazō38 hvīra39 baon40 sēvishta41, yōi42 takhma43 khshtāvayō44, yōi45 takhma46 saoshyantō47, yōi48 takhma49 verethrājanō50. Khrūmāo51 asebish52 frazinta53 dānunām54 baēvare-paitinām55.

(37) We worship6 the good2, heroic3 (and) beneficent4 Fravashis5 of the righteous (people)1. (Who are) possessing many armies7, aeqgirded with weapons8, having uplifted radiant banners9. (The Fravashis) rush15 there14 in fearful12 battles13 for (the help of) those heroes16, where those gallant19

heroes20 offer22 battles23 against the Danus21 (i.e. enemies of the Religion).

(38) There25 (i.e. in the battles) you24, (O Fravashis!) overcome26 the victorious strength27 of the Turanian29 Danus28; there31 you30 aerovercome32 the malice33 of the Turanian35 Danus34. Owing to37 you36 aesthe chiefs of assembly28, the mighty43 heroes44, the powerful46 aetSaoshyants47 (and) the strong49 conquerors50 aeubecome40 possessed of heroic strength39 and most beneficent41.

(Kardāh X) (39) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6. Yāo7 rasmanō8 hām-stātēe9 frakarana10 schindayeinti11, vī12 maidhyānem13 nāmayeinti14; thwāshem15 paskāt16 fravazente17, avanghe18 narām19 ashaonām20, āzanghe21 duzhvarshtāvarezām22.

(39) We worship6 the good2, heroic3 (and) beneficent4 Fravashis5 of the righteous (people)1. Who7 break asunder11 the two wings10 of an army8

standing together in battle array9, and aevcause the centre13 (of that army) to scatter12-14; they go17 then16 swiftly15 for the help18 of the righteous20 men19

(and) for the distress21 of the evil-doers22 (i.e. for bringing them into affliction).

(Kardāh XI) (40) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5

aeq Original form is yāstō-zayāo; root yāongh = Sans, yās = to put on, to gird.

aer i.e. The Fravashis do not allow the Turanian heretics to succeed in the battle; they prevent the evils caused by them by destroying their strength.

aes karshan + az = “the conductor of the council - assembly; chief” (Darmesteter).

aet i.e. those who throw light of the religion; the pointers of the true path of the religion.

aeu I do not understand the meaning of the last sentence (from the word Khrumāo up to baēvare-paitinām). The places desolated by the chiefs of innumerable Dānus are miserable or inauspicious (Darmesteter).

aev Original meaning “twists”, “bends”; root nam = Sanskrit nam.

yazamaide6. Yāo7 ughrāo8 aiwithūrāo9 vārethraghnīsh10, vanatpeshanāo11 rāremāo12 vivāitīsh13 vīchirāo14, sravashemnāo15 sraotanvō16 āsnō-urvānō17 ashaonīsh18. Yāo19 dāthrīsh20 verethrem21 zbayente22, dāthrīsh23 āyaptem24 chakushe25, dāthrīsh26 bantāi27 drvatātem28.

(41) Dāthrīsh29 ahmāi30 vohū31 khvarenō32, yō33 hīsh34 atha35 frāyazāite36, yatha37 hīsh38 hō-nā39 yazata40, yō41 ashava42 Zarathushtrō43, ratush44 astvaithyō45 gaēthayāo46, bareshnush47 bipaitishtanayāo48, kahmāichit49 yāonghām50 jasō51, kahmāichit52 āzanghām53 biwivāo54.

(40) We worship6 the good2, heroic3 (and) beneficent4 Fravashis5 of the righteous (people)1. Who7 (are) strong8, triumphant9, victorious10, winning in battle11, giving excessive joy12, aewblowing away (the enemies)13, aexdiscriminating (good and evil)14, aeyobedient15, of renowned body16, having souls of higher intelligence17 (and) righteous18. Who19 (are) givers20 of victory21 to the invoker22, givers26 of boon24 to (their) lover25 (and) givers26 of health28 to the sick person27.

(41) Whilst aezundertaking51 any work whatever49 of enterprises50 (or whilst) frightened54 in any (difficulty) whatever52 of the calamities52 just as37

that (great) man39, i.e.41 (the Prophet) Holy42 Zarathushtra43 who is the Lord44

of (this) corporeal45 world46 and the chief47 of (all) afamortals48 worshipped40

those (Fravashis)38, in the same manner35 (they are) the givers29 of good31

glory32 to him30 who33 worship36 them34.

(42) afb[Yāo55 huzbātāo56] mainyu-vahishtāo yāo huzbātāo mainyushūtāo57 frashūsente58 bareshnavō59 avanghe60 ashnō61, amem62 paidhimnāo63 hutāshtem64, verethraghnemcha65 Ahuradhātem66, vanintīmcha67 uparatātem68, saokāmcha69 barat-avaretām70 baratāyaptām71, ashaonīm72 thrāfedhām73 yesnyām74 vahmyām75, ashāt76 hacha77 yat78 vahishtāt79.

(42) Who55 (i.e. the Fravashis) (when they are) well-invoked56 go58 on the top59 of the yonder60 sky, having come from the afcheavenly (space).

Explanation:- (As regards the Fravashis who bring with them the yazatas, it is stated below).

The well-shapen64 (i.e. of beautiful shape) Ama (courage-giving) yazata62,

aew Root vī-vā = Sanskrit vī-vā, = blowing away.

aex See yasna Hā 29.4; Hā 46.5; root vi-chi = Persian guzidan.

aey Of wide renown; very famous (Darmesteter).

aez Original meaning: Whilst going for any work whatever.

afa Original meaning: “biped”.

afb This sentence is left out in the original text (see Prof. Geldner, Avesta II Stuttgart, 1889, page 177, note 1).

afc In the sense of the expression “Ethereal Space, Heavenly Space”.

FARVARDIN YASHT

Behram yazata65 created by Ahura Mazda66, Vanainti67 Uparatāt68 (i.e. yazata bestowing victorious superiority), (and) Saoka yazata69 (i.e. bestower of happiness) wealth-bringing70, fulfilling desires71, righteous72, satisfied73, worthy of worship74 and praise75 on account of 77 the best79 righteousness 76- (these are the Fravashis) bringing with them (all these blessings).

(43) Tāo80 herezenti81 Satavaēsem82 antare83 zām84 asmanemcha85, tachat-āpem86, zavanō-srūtem87, tachat-āpem88 ukhshyat-urvarem89, thrāthrāi90 pasvāo91 vīrayāo92, thrāthrāi93 Airyanām94 dakhyunām95, thrāthrāi96 gēush97 panchō-hyayāo98, avanghe99 narām100 ashaonām1.

(44) Vī antare2 zām3 asmanemcha4 Satavaēsō5 vījasāiti6, tachat-āpō7 zavanō-srūtō8 kachat āpō9 ukhshyat-urvarō10 srīrō11 bānvāo12

raokhshnemāo13, thrāthrāi14 pasvāo15 vīrayāo16, thrāthrāi17 Airyanām18 dakhyunām19 thrāthrāi20 gēush21 panchō-hyayāo22, avanghe23 narām24 ashaonām25.

(43) They80 (Fravashis) send out6 (the Star) afdSatavaesa82 between83 the earth84 and the sky85, afecausing the water to flow86, listening to appeals or supplicatory prayers87, causing the water to reach all around88 and the plants to grow89, for nourishment90 of cattle91 and men92, for the maintenance93 of Iranian94 Provinces95, for the thriving96 of five kinds98 of animals97 (and) afffor the help99 of righteous1 men100.

(44) (The Star named) Satavaesa5, causing the water to flow7, listening to appeals or supplicatory prayers8, causing the water to reach all around9, (and) the plants to grow10, beautiful11, shining12 (and) brilliant13 comes up6

between2 the earth3 and the sky4, for the nourishment of cattle15 and men16, for the maintenance17 of Iranian18 Provinces19, for the thriving20 of the five kinds22 of animals21 (and) for the help23 of righteous25 men24.

(Kardāh

XII) (45) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6. Ayō-khaodhāo7 ayō-zayāo8 ayō-verethrāo9, yāo10 peretente11 verethraghnyaēshu12 raokhshni-aiwidhātaēshu13 thakhtāo14 arezazhish15 barentīsh16, hazangraghnyāi17daēvanām18.

(46) Yat19 hīsh20 antare21 vātō22 fravāiti23 barō-baodhō24 mashyānām25, te26 narō27 paiti-zānenti28 yāhva29 verethra-baodhō30 te31 ābyō32 freretāo33 frerenvainti34 ashaonām35 vanguhibyō36 sūrāibyō37 spentābyō38 fravashibyō39, thakhtayāt40 parō41 anghuyāt42 uzgerewyāt43 parō44 bāzuve45

(45) We worship6 the good2, heroic3 (and) beneficent4, Fravashis5 of the righteous (people)1. Who (are) possessing iron helmets7, iron weapons8 (and)

afd Like the star Tishtrya, the star Satavaesa is useful in the act of prosperity of the world. The Stars Vanant and Haptoiranga are regarded as his companions.

afe See yasht 5.15 (tātāo āpō); yasht 8,47 (āpō tātāo).

aff For comparison, see para 10 of the same yasht.

iron armour9; and who10 afgin the garments of light13 fight11, bringing with them16 stretched14 battle-array15, (for gaining) victory12, smiting thousands17

of daevas18.

(46) When19 the wind22 blows among21 those (Fravashis)20 carrying the scent24 of men25, these26 men27 recognise28 the scent of victory30 amongst them29.

Explanation:- (Its significance seems to be that in the war or in times of difficulties, when men call Fravashis for help, by burning fragrant wood or frankincense and by invoking in a suitable manner, they fulfil their wishes by granting victory).

(Also) those31 (men) afhoffer34 Offerings33 unto these32 good36, heroic37

(and) beneficent38 Fravashis39 with (their) afisincere40 heart41-42 (and) afjwith arms45-46 uplifted43 (by way of supplication).

(47) Yatāra46 vā47 dīsh48 paurva49 frā-yazente50, fraoret51 frakhshni52 avi53 manō54 zarazdātōit55 anghuyat56 hacha57, ātarathra58 fraorisinti59 ughrāo60 ashāunām61 fravashayō62, hathra63 Mithrācha64 Rashnucha65 ughracha66 Dāmōish67 Upamana68 hathra69 vāta70 verethrājana71.

(48) Tāo72 danghāvō73 hathra74 jatāo75 nijaghnentc76, panchsaghnāi77 satathanāishcha78, sataghnāi79 hazangrghnāishcha80, hazangraghnāi81 baēvareghnāishcha82, baēvareghnāi83 ahākhshtaghnāishcha84, yathra85 fraoirisinti86 ughrāo87 ashāunām88 fravashayō89 hathra90 Mithrācha91 Rashnucha92 ughracha93 Dāmoish94 Upamanō95 hathra96 vāta97 verethrajanō98.

(47) From amongst (the armies of) both the sides whichever46 (army) will first49 worship48 those (Fravashis)48 with afkperfect faith51, devoted heart54, to that afldirection58 the triumphant60 Fravashis62 of the righteous (people)61, along with63 Meher64 (yazata), Rashna65 yazata (the just), powerful66 Dāmi afmUpamana68 (yazata) and the victorious Govad (Yazata) go59 (for the help of that army).

(48) Moreover, those72 countries73 are at once74 defeated76 having smitten75 from fifty77 to hundred times78, from hundred79 to thousand times80, from thousand81 to ten thousand times82, innumerable times84, against which

afg i.e. whose garment is light only; or in brilliant dress.

afh Freretāo, frerenvainti - the root of these two words is one and the same root:- fra-ar = to offer, to grant.

afi Original meanings, “strong, Firmly stretched, drawn”.

afj For comparison, see yasna 28.1 (ustānō-zastō).

afk Or with sympathetic thought and devoted conscience.

afl Original meaning, “to that side of the two”.

afm Its original meaning, “the symbol of wisdom - the simile of wisdom”.

FARVARDIN YASHT

(countries)85 the triumphant87 Fravashis89 of the righteous (people)88 along with90 Meher91 (yazata), Rashna92 yazata (the just yazata) powerful93 Dāmi94

Upamana95 (yazata) and the victorious98 Govād97 (yazata) go86.

(Kardāh XIII) (49) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6. Yāo7 vīsādha8 āvayeinti9 Hamaspathmaēdaēm10 paiti11 ratūm12, āat13 athra14 vīcharenti15 dasa16 pairi khshafnō17, avat18 avō19 zikhshnāonghemnāo20.

(50) Kō21 nō22 stavāt23, kō24 yazāite25, kō26 ufyāt27, kō28 frīnāt29, kō30 paiti-zanāt31; gaomata32 zasta33 vastravata34 asha-nāsa35 nemangha36. Kahe37 nō38 idha39 nāma40 āghairyāt41, kahe42 vō43 urvō44 frayezyāt45, kahmāi46 nō47 tat48 dāthrem49 dayāt50, yat51 he52 anghat53 khvairyān54 khvarethem ajyamnem55 yavaēcha56 yavaētātaēcha57.

(49) We worship6 the good2, heroic3 (and) beneficent4 Fravashis5 of the righteous (people)1. Who7 on11 the occasion12 of Hamaspathmaedem (Season- Festival) come9 to the afnstreets8, and move about15 for afoten16 nights17 towards those desiring20 help19 (as below).

(50) Who21 will praise23 us22? Who24 will worship25 (us)? Who26 will sing our glory27? And who28 will keep love29 (for us)? (Besides) who30 will afpwelcome31 (us) with the hand33 containing afqfood32, clothings34 (and) with a prayer36 causing to reach righteousness35? Whose37 name40 of us38 will be remembered41 here39? Whose42 soul44 of you43 will worship45 (us)? To whom46

of us47 will that48 gift49 be given50? Which51 will (become) (as) fresh55 forever, for eternity.

(51) Āat58 yo59 na60 hish61 fra-yazaite62, gaomata63 zasta64 vastravata65 asha-nasa66 nemangha67, ahmāi68 afrinenti69 khshnutao70 ainitao71 atbishtao72 ughrao73 ashāunām74 fravashayō75.

(52) Buyat76 ahmi77 nmane78 geushcha79 vathwa80 upa81 viranāmcha87, buyat83 asushcha84 aspo85 derezrascha86 vakhsho87, buyat88 na89 stahyo90 vyakhano91, yo92 no93 badha94 fra-yazaite95, gaoamata96 zasta97 vastravata98 asha-nasa99 nemangha100.

(51) Moreover51, the person60 who59 worships62 those (Fravashis)61 with the hand64 containing food63 (and) clothing65 and with the prayer67 causing to reach righteousness66, the Fravashis75 of the righteous (people)74, pleased70, undistressed71 and unoffended72 bless69 that (person)68 (as stated below):-

afn The meaning of visa is also, “family, clan” (see yasna Hā 9.7).

afo i.e. Ten nights inclusive of days, i.e. ten full days.

afp In English, “to welcome”. Its meaning is also “will know”. Sanskrit root gnya = to know. Its significance is that who will welcome us by invoking us with good food and with the gift of clothing? Moreover, the Fravashis are pleased by presenting those consecrated things to the just and worthy men.

afq Original meaning, “having meat”.

(52) (The Fravashis bless the worshippers):- May there be76 in this77

afrhouse78 the increase80 of cattle79 and men82! May there be a swift84 horse85

and afsa solid86 chariot87! The man89, the chieftain of the assembly91 who92 will verily94 worship95 us93 with the hand97 containing food96 and clothing98 (and) with the prayer100 causing to reach righteousness99, may become88

aftpowerful90.

(Kardāh XIV) (53) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6. Yāo7 apām8 Mazda-dhātanām9 srīrāo10 pathō11

daēsayeinti12, yāo13 para14 ahmāt15 hishtenta16 fradhātāo17 afratatkushīsh18, hamaya19 gātvō20 dareghemchit21 pairi22 zrvānem23.

(54) Āat24 tāo25 nūrām26 fratachinti27, Mazdadhātem28 paiti29 pantām30, baghō-bakhtem31 paiti32 yaonem33, frāthwarshtem34 paiti35 āfentem36, zaoshāi37 Ahurahe Mazdāo38, zaoshāi39 Ameshanām Spentanām40.

(53) We worship6 the good2, heroic3 (and) beneficent4 Fravashis5 of the righteous (people)1. Who7 point out12 the good10 paths11 to the afuwaters8

created by Ahura Mazda; which13 afvstood16 afwstill17, afxwithout flowing out from the springs18, for a long21 time23, prior to14 this15 (pointing out the paths by the Fravashis).

(54) But24 now26, afyfor the wish37 of Ahura Mazda38 (and) for the wish39 of the Bountiful Immortals40, those25 (waters) afzflow27 along29 the path30 created by Ahura Mazda28, bestowed by God31 (and) along35 the water way36 fixed34

(for them).

(Kardāh XV) (55) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6. Yāo7 urvaranām8 khvawrīranām9 srīrāo10 uruthmīsh11 daēsayeinti12, yāo13 para14 ahmāt15 hishtenta16 fradhātāo17 afraokhshyeintīsh18, hamaya19 gātvō20 dareghemchit21 pairi22 zrvānem23.

(56) Āat24 tāo25 nūrām26 fravakhshyeinti27, Mazdadhātem28 paiti29 pantām30, baghō-bakhtem31 paiti32 yaonem33, frāthwarshtem34 paiti35 zrvānem36, zaoshāi37 Ahurahe Mazdāo38, zaoshāi39 Ameshanām

afr i.e. In that family where the worship of the Fravashis with libations is performed.

afs If it is understood in the sense of frāderesra, it would be, “beautiful, fair”.

aft “The praiser (of God)”, derived from the root stu. (Darmesteter).

afu The word is genitive plural in the original sense:- “Of the waters”.

afv Original meaning “fixed, settled”; root fra-dā = Sanskrit dhā.

afw Afratat-kushi - a = not; fra = forward, kushi = Sanskrit kukhshi = pit, cave, stream.

afx In winter on the earth and in the dripping of water in the air (Darmesteter).

afy i.e. at the will of the Creator Ahura Mazda and of the Bountiful Immortals, by subjugating to their command.

afz For comparison of this para, see Tir yasht, para 35.

FARVARDIN YASHT

Spentanām40.

(55) We worship6 the good2, heroic3 and beneficent4 Fravashis5 of the righteous (people)1. Who agamaintain12 beautiful10 growths11 of the trees8

agbself-bearing as fruits9; which13 stood16 still17 without growing18 on one and the same19 place20 for22 a long21 time23 prior to24 (help)15.

(56) But24 now26 those25 (trees) grow up27 in the path30 created by Ahura Mazda28, in32 the path33 bestowed by God31 (and) at the appointed34 time36, for the wish37 of Ahura Mazda (and) for the wish39 of the Bountiful Immortals40.

(Kardāh XVI) (57) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6. Yāo7 strām8 māonghō9 hūrō10 anaghranām11 raochanghām12 pathō13 daēsayen14 ashaonīsh15, yōi16 para17 ahmāt18 hame19 gātvō20 dareghem21 hishtenta22 afrashīmantō23, daēvanām24 parō25 tbaēshanghat26, daēvanām27 parō28 draomōhu29.

(58) Āat30 te31 nūrām31 fravazenti33 dūraēurvaēsem34 adhvanō35, urvaēsem36 nāshemna37 yim38 frashōkeretōit39 vanghuyāo40.

(57) We worship6 the good2, heroic3 (and) beneficent4 Fravashis5 of the righteous (people)1. Who7 agcopened14 the right15 paths13 of the stars8, the Moon9, the Sun10 (and) of the Endless11 Lights12 (of the sky). Which16 (i.e. the Stars, the Moon, the Sun, etc.) stood22 agdwithout revolving23 for a long time21

ere17 this18 (i.e. up to the time Fravashis did not help) on account of25 the evil26 assaults24 of the demons24.

(58) But30 now32 they31 proceed further13 towards distant34 agepaths35, desiring agfthe advent37 of the good40 Renovation39.

(Kardāh XVII) (59) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6. Yāo7 avat8 zrayō9 aiwyākhshayeinti10 yat11 Vouru-kashem12 bāmīm13, navacha14 navaitīshcha15 navacha sata16 navacha hazangra17 navasescha baēvān18.

(59) We worship6 the good2, heroic3 (and) beneficent4 Fravashis5 of the righteous (people)1. Who are ninety-nine thousand 17-18 nine hundred16 and aggninety-nine14-15 in number keep watch over this8 shining13 sea9 Vouru-

aga Original meaning “shows”; i.e. help for the good growth of the trees.

agb khvawrira = khva + ira (suffix); root bar = to bear = to produce, hu + awra + ira = made fresh well with watery clouds.

agc Original meaning “showed”.

agd Original meaning “without moving forward”; frashi = fra+anch+shi. root fra-anch = to move forward.

age Its significance is to be understood as in English “Infinite or Measureless Space”.

agf Here the word urvaēsa is used in the sense of the English word “point” (i.e. fixed period). Its meaning is “end, final change” also.

agg In the original text the figure is thus: “ninety-thousand18 and nine thousand17 and nine hun-

kasha12.agh

(Kardāh XVIII) (60) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6. Yāo7 ave8 strēush9 aiwyākhshayeinti10 yā11 Haptōiringe12, navacha13 navaitīshcha14 navacha sata15 navacha hazangra16 navasescha baēvān17.

(60) We worship6 the good7, heroic3 (and) beneficent4 Fravashis5 of the righteous (people)1. Who7 are ninety-nine thousand16-17, nine hundred15 and ninety-nine13-14 in number keep watch over10 these8 stars9 (called) agiHaptoiringa12.

(Kardāh XIX) (61) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6. Yāo7 avām8 kehrpem9 aiwyākhshayeinti10, yām11 Sāmahe12 Keresāspahe13 yat14 Gaēsāus15 gadhavarahe16, navacha17 navaitīshcha18 navacha sata19 navacha hazangra20 navasescha baēvān21.

(61) We worship6 the good2, heroic3 and beneficent4 Fravashis5 of the righteous (people)1. Who7 are ninety-nine thousand20-21, nine hundred19 and ninety-nine17-18, in number agjkeep watch over10 this8 body9 of Kersaspa13 of the Sāma family12, the curly-haired15 and the mace-wielder16.

(Kardāh

XX) (62) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6. Yāo7 avām8 khshudrem9 aiwyākhshayeinti10, yām11 Spitāmahe12 ashaonō13 Zarathushtrahe14, navacha15 navaitīshcha16 navacha sata17 navacha hazangra18 navasescha baēvān19.

(62) We worship6 the good2, heroic3 (and) beneficent4 Fravashis5 of the righteous (people)1. Who7 are ninety-nine thousand18-19, nine hundred17 and ninety-nine15-16, in number agkkeep watch over10 this8 seed9 of the Holy13

dred16 and ninety15 and nine14”. For its comparison, see Vendidad fargard XXII, para 2. In the matter of numbers in Avesta there comes first the lower followed by higher denomination; e.g. panchāchā haptāiti = five and seventy, i.e. seventy five.

agh The reason of keeping watch over the Sea called, Vouru-kasha is that Gaokerena or White Haoma grows in it, which is used for drinking on the Day of Resurrection, in order to be immortal. For further details, see my translation of the Vendidad, fargard XX, para 4, note.

agi Haptoiringa is the chief of the stars of the north. It is compared with Ursa Major. This star along with its companions, guards the gate and passage of hell, in order to prevent 99,999 demons, drujas, fairies, etc., coming out from hell, and for its authority 99,999 Fravashis come for help (See English translation of Minok i Kherad by Dr. West, Chapter 49, para 15).

agj The hero Keresaspa is one amongst the famous personages mentioned in later books of the Zoroastrian Religion. According to Bundehesh he lies in the plain of Peshyansai. The glory of heaven guards him, because when Zohak will be unfettered, he will rise and slay him. Moreover, innumerable Fravashis of the righteous people also guard him. According to Minok i Kherad, near the Mount Damavand where Zohak is bound with a chain, the hero Keresāspa lies asleep in the place called Poshta Gushtāspān (see English Translation of Dr. West).

agk Because from that seed Saoshyant - the future Benefactor will be born. According to later books, from the seed of the Prophet Zarathushtra, Hoshedar, Hoshedar-Māh and Soshyosh will be born from the wombs of Srutat-Fedhri, Vanghu-Fedhri and Eredat-Fedhri, respectively.

FARVARDIN YASHT

Spitama12 Zarathushtra14.

(Kardāh XXI) (63) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6. Yāo7 Ahurahe8 khshayatō9 dashinām10 upa11 yūidhyeinti12, yezi13 aēm14 bavati15 ashava16-khshnūsh17, yezi18-she19 bavainti20 anazaretāo21 khshnutāo22 ainitāo23, atbishtāo24 ughrāo25 ashāunām26 fravashayō27.

(63) We worship6 the good2, heroic3 and beneficent4 Fravashis5 of the righteous (people)1. Who7 aglfight12 at11 the right side10 of the ruling9 lord8 (i.e. the ruling Sovereign of the period).

Explanation:- (As regards the qualities of that sovereign, it is stated).

If13 that14 (Sovereign) is15 agmrejoicing17 the righteous (person)16, (and) if8

the triumphant25 Fravashis27 of the righteous (people)26 are20 not-harmed21, not oppressed23 and not offended24 by him19 (but) are20 pleased22 (then they fight for the help of that Sovereign).

(Kardāh XXII) (64) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6. Yāo7 masyehīsh8 ahmāt9, yāo10 aojyehīsh ahmāt, yāo tāshyehīsh14 ahmāt, yāo amavastarāo ahmāt, yāo verethravastarāo20 ahmāt21, yāo22 baēshazyōtarāo23 ahmāt24, yāo25 yāskerestarāo26 ahmāt27, yatha28 vacha29 framravāire30; yāo31 madhememchit32 myazdanām33 baēvāne34 upavazente35.

(65) Āat yat36 āpō37 uzbarente38, Spitama39 Zarathushtra40, zrayanghat41 hacha42 Vouru-Kashāt43 khvarenascha44 yat Mazdadhātem45. Āat46 frashūsenti47 ughrāo48 ashāunām49 fravashayō50, paoirīsh51 pourusatāo52, paoirīsh53 pouru-hazangrāo54, paoirīsh55 pouru-baēvānō56.

(64) We worship6 the good2, heroic3, (and) beneficent4 Fravashis5 of the righteous (people)1. Who7 are greater8, stronger11, firmer14, more powerful17, victorious20, healing23 and more effective26 agnthan28 agocan be expressed30 in words29, (and) who31 come35 agpby thousands into the midst32 of the libations33

(i.e. of the gifts dedicated in ceremonies).

agl i.e. by thrusting aside the enemy at the time of defeating, the Fravashis fight for the help of that sovereign so that he may become victorious.

agm i e. the rejoicer of the righteous man by offering the required help and the supporter of his creed.

agn Original meaning, “by it” (demonstrative pronoun ablative singular); According to the idiom I have translated “once”, yāo …... ahmāt which comes with every adjective and have left off after that.

ago i.e. become so indescribably powerful and victorious. Framravāire - Perfect tense third person plural atmanepada; Duplicated form is dropped. In the same way it occurs in “nighrāire” (root jan = to smite); see yasht 10.40.

agp Original meaning is. “ten thousand”, i.e. they come in large numbers for participating in ceremonial offerings dedicated to them.

(65) When36 (the Fravashis) agqbring38 waters37 (and) agr(the Iranian) Glory44 created by Ahura Mazda45 from the sea Vouru-kasha41-42-43 (then) O Spitama39 Zarathushtra40! the strong48 Fravashis of the righteous (people) (who are) countless, proceed further47 (to them).

(66) Āpem57 aēshemnāo58 havāi59 kāchit60 nāfyāi61, havayāi62 vīse63, havāi64 zantave65, havayāi66 dainghave67 uityaojanāo68, khvaēpaithe69 nō70 dainghush71 nidhātaēcha62 haoshātaēcha73.

(67) Tāo1 yūidhyeinti2 peshanāhu3 have4 asahi5 shōithraēcha6, yatha7 asō8 maēthanemcha9 aiwishitēe10 dadhāra11. Mānayen ahe yathanā12 takhmō13 rathaēshtāo14 hush-hāmberetat15 hacha16 shaētāt17 yastōzaēnish18 paiti-ghnīta19.

(68) Āat20 yāoscha21 āonghām22 nivānente23, tāo24 āpem25 parāzenti26, havāi27 kāchit28 nāfyāi29, havayāi30 vīse31, havāi32 zantave33, havayāi34 dainghave35 uityaojanāo36, khvaēpaithe37 nō38 dainghush39 fradhātaēcha40 varedhātaēcha42.

(66) And every60 (Fravashi) wishing58 water57 for his own59 kindred61, clan63, town65 (and) country67, agsspeak as under68:-

Our70 own69 country71 is in calamity72 and agtdrought.

(67) Just as a warrior14, gallant13 and agugirded with weapons18, fight19

against (the enemy) for the sake of his well-horded15 agvfortune17, (the same way) they1 (i.e. the Fravashis) fight2 in battles3 at their own4 place5 and in their own country6; which7 each ( Fravashi) has fixed11 for watch10.

(68) Moreover20 those24 (Fravashis) who21 gain victory23 (in securing water) carry it away26 for his own27 kindred29, clan31, town33 (and) country35

(and) speak as under36:-

“Our38 own37 country39 (will now emerge) into abundance and agwprosperity.”

(69) Āat yat42 bavaiti43 avi-spashtō44 sāsta danghēush46 hamō-

agq The water having gone up in the form of vapour rained, raising the prosperity of the country, (see Tir yasht, paras 32-34).

agr See beginning portion of Ātash Nyāyesh.

ags Original meaning, “speaking thus” (present participle feminine nominative plural).

agt Darmesteter. Haoshāt - root hush = to dry up; locative singular of haosha—; Also nidhāt, taking in the sense of zakhireh (stored up provision) corresponding to Persian nehādeh, means, “prosperity, abundant food”; and haoshāt - hao-hu = sufficient, full; shāta = joy. Thus it can be translated: “may our own country have prosperity and joy!”

agu Yasta = yāsta; root yāh = Sanskrit yās = to put on; zaēni = weapon.

agv Or treasures, wealth; if the word, khshaētāt is taken, it would mean sovereignty, i.e. kingdom of his own country.

agw For its comparison, see para 66 of the same yasht.

FARVARDIN YASHT

khshathrō47, aurvathaēibyō48 parō49 tbishyanbyō50, tāo51 haschit52 upazbayeite53 ughrāo54 ashāunām55 fravashayō56.

(70) Tāo57 he58 jasāonti59 avanghe60, yezi61-she62 bavainti63 anāzaretāo64 khshnūtāo65 ainitāo66, at-bishtāo67 ughrāo68 ashāunām69 fravashayō70. Tāo71 dim72 ava73 nifrāvayente74, mānayen ahe yatha75 nā76 mereghō77 huparenō78.

(69) When42 agxan absolute47 king45 of any country46 is agytaken unawares43-

44 by the inimical opponents48-49, he invokes for help53 those51 triumphant54

Fravashis56 of the righteous (people)55.

(70) If61 the triumphant68 Fravashis70 of the righteous (people)69 are63 not harmed64 oppressed66 or offended67 by him62 (but) are63 pleased, they go59 for the help60 of that (Sovereign)58,agz (in the shape of) well-winged78 bird77. They71 fly74 towards him73 (for help).

(71) Tāo79 he80 snaithishcha81 varethascha82 parshtascha83 pairivārascha84 vīsente85, pairi86 mainyaoyāt87 drujat88, varenyayātcha89 drvāithyāt90, ziziyūshatcha91 kayadhāt92, vīspō-mahrkāatcha93 pairi94 drvatat95 yat96 angrāt mainyaot97, mānayen ahe hatha98 nā99 satemcha100 hazangremcha1 baēvarecha2 pairishtanām3 nijathem4 hyāt5.

(72) Yatha6 nōit7 tat8 paiti9 karetō10 hufrangharshtō11, nōit12 vazrō13 hunivikhtō14, nōit15 ishush16 khvāthakhtō17, nōit18 arshtish19 hvaivyāsta20, nōit21 asānō22 aremōshutō23 avasyāt24.

(71) Those79 (Fravashis) serve85 as84 weapon81, a shield82, support83 and defence84 ahafor him80 against the invisible87 druj,88 and the Varenian89

wicked90 and the tormenting91 sinful man92 and against (him) who96 is the wicked95 Angra Mainyu97, full of (infested with) death93.

Explanation:- (How do they serve as defence, etc., is stated below).

Just as98 one man99 ahbwould be5 ahcequal to a hundred100, thousand1 or ten thousand2 (men) from amongst the tested (men)3.

(72) So that6 neither7 the sword10 well-thrust11, nor12 the club13 sufficiently made ponderous14, neither15 the arrow16 well-aimed17, nor18 the spear19 well-

agx Original meaning, “possessing full power”; from it, “most powerful”.

agy In the sense of “has been surprised”.

agz Dr. Geldner regards the word nā as doubtful and says: “it would be better if it were not there”.

aha i.e. as stated in para 69, “for the sovereign terrified by the enemy”.

ahb If the meaning of the nijathem deriving from the Sanskrit ni-han = “to disregard, to take no heed of” is taken, its translation would be “Just as one man does not care for a thousand men”, i.e. owing to the power of those Fravashis that man gets extraordinary strength (Darmesteter).

ahc In a manner that a hundred, a thousand, ten thousand warriors are fighting (to help him) Darmesteter.

darted20, nor21 the stones22 hurled by force of arms23 (i.e. sling-stones) ahdshall hit (him guarded by the Fravashis).

(73) Vīsente25 avat26 vī sentaēcha27 mazdayaschit28 airime-anghadhō29 ashāunām30 vanguhīsh31 sūrāo32 spentāo33 fravashayō34, avat35 avō36 zikhshnāonghemnāo37. Kō38 nō39 stavāt40, kō41 yazāite42, kō43 ufyāt44, kō45 frīnāt46, kō47 pait-zanāt48, gaomata49 zasta50 vastravata51 asha-nāsa52 nemangha53. Kahe nō idha nāma āghairyāt, kahe vō urva frāyezyāt, kahmāi nō tat dāthrem dayāt, yat he anghat khvairyān khvarethem ajyamnem yavaēcha yavaētātaēcha.

(73) The excellent31, heroic32 (and) beneficent Fravashis34 of the righteous (people)30, sitting not at ease29 go25 from one place26 to aheanother28 (i.e. are always moving), (to help the sovereign) desiring37 this35 (i.e. stated as under) help36.

Who38 will praise40 us39? Who41 will worship 42(us)? Who43 will sing our44

glory? (And) who45 will love46 (us). (Besides) who47 will welcome48 (us) with the hand50 containing food49 (and) clothings51 (and) a prayer53 causing ahfto reach righteousness52?

(74) Āsnāo1 yazamaide2, manāo3 yazamaide4, daēnāo5 yazamaide6, Saoshyantām7 yazamaide. Urunō8 yazamaide9. Pasukanām10 yazamaide11, daitikanām12 yazamaide13, upāpanām14 yazamaide15, upasmanām16 yazamaide17, frapterejātām18 yazamaide19, ravascharātām20 yazamaide21, chang-ranghāchām22 yazamaide23, fravashayō24 yazamaide25.

(75) Fravashīs26 yazamaide27, aredrāo28 yazamaide29, takhmāo30 yazamaide31, tanchishtāo32 yazamaide33, spentāo33 yazamaide35, spēnishtāo36 yazamaide37, sūrāo38 yazamaide39, sēvishtāo40 yazamaide41 derezrāo42 yazamaide43, aiwithūrāo44 yazamaide45, ughrāo46 yazamaide47, aojishtāo48 yazamaide49, rēvish50 yazamaide51, renjishtāo52 yazamaide53, yāskeretō54 yazamaide55, yāskerestemāo56 yazamaide57.

(74) We ahgworship9 ahhthe innate wisdom1 of the ahiSaoshyants7, (their) mental power3, commandments of the religion5 (and their) souls8. Amongst

ahd For its comparison, see Hormazd yasht, para 18.

ahe The word mazdayaschit is not understood, Darmesteter taking the letter “d” as superfluous and regarding it as comparative degree of maz, translates “and even more”. Westergaard has changed the word into anyaschit (other side).

ahf For the translation of the remaining portion, see para 50 of this yasht.

ahg In this para there comes “yazamaide” after every word. I have translated it only twice.

ahh There is also the word āsna khratu - (see yasna Hā 22, para 25, Sirozā, Khshnuman of Bahman).

ahi The meaning of Saoshyants (in plural) is, persons who guided the religion prior to the advent of the Prophet Zarathushtra, the indicators of the divine-moral path, the benefactors of the world.

FARVARDIN YASHT

the animals10 we worship25 the Fravashis24 of wild animals12, of the animals living in water14, animals living on the ground16, ahjthe winged creatures18, the animals that wander wild at large20 and of +the grazing animals22.

(75) We worship ahkthe Fravashis26 that bestow28, the valiant30 Fravashis26, most valiant32 Fravashis26, beneficent34 Fravashis26, heroic38 Fravashis26

profitable40 Fravashis26, the steadfast42 (i.e. firm in their work) Fravashis26, triumphant44 (i.e. victorious in the work) Fravashis26 powerful46 and most powerful48, agile50 Fravashis26, and the effective (or efficacious54) Fravashis25.

(76) Tāo58 zī 59 henti60 yāskerestemāo61 vayāo62 manivāo63 dāmān64, yāo65 ashāunām66 vanguhīsh67 sūrāo68 spentāo69 fravashayō70, yāo71 tadha72 eredhwāo73 hishtenta74, yat75 mainyū76 dāmān77 daidhītem78, yascha79 Spentō Mainyush80, yascha81 angrō82.

(77) Yat83 titarat84 angrō mainyush85 dāhīm86 ashahe87 vanghēush88, antare89 pairi-avāitem90 Vohūcha Manō91 Ātarshcha92.

(78) Tāo93 he94 taurvayatem95 tbaēshāo96 angrahe mainyēush97 drvatō98, yat99 nōit100 āpō1 takāish2 stayat3, nōit4 urvarāo5 uruthmaibyō6 hakat7 sūrahe8 dathushō9 khshayatō10 Ahurahe Mazdāo11 fratachin12 āpō13 sēvishtāo14, uzukhshyāncha15 urvarāo16.

(76) They58, i.e.65 the good67 heroic68, (and) beneficent69 Fravashis70 of the righteous (people)66 are60 indeed59 ahlmost effective61 among the creatures64 of the two62 Spirits63.

Explanation:- (Its reason is stated as under).

When75 the two Spirits76 - Spenāk Menok80 and the Angra Mainyu82 created78 the creation77, they71 (i.e. the Fravashis) ahmstood74 firm73 thither71

(for granting help).

(77) (Moreover) when83 Angra Mainyu ahnrushed with violence84 in the creation86 of good righteousness87 Vohu Manah (Amshāspand) and ādar (yazata) ahowent90 between them89.

(78) ahpThey93 ahqdestroyed95 the evils96 of the wicked98 Angra Mainyu97, so

ahj i.e. the creatures that fly in the air.

ahk t For its explanation, see Vispered Karda 1, para 1.

ahl i.e. Possessing excellent qualities.

ahm From this it is seen that the Fravashis existed, prior to the creation of the creatures.

ahn With the intention of defiling creations of Nature.

aho i.e. Between righteous creatures and angra mainyeush. Pairi-avāitem - potential mood third person dual parasmaipada; root pairiava = to meddle; to come in across.

ahp i.e. the Fravashis; Tāo being the pronoun in feminine gender applies to fravashayō (Fravashis).

ahq Taurvayatem - imperfect third person dual parasmaipada from the root taurv = Sanskrit tarv

that90 (he) ahrcould3 not100 stop3 the waters1 from flowing2 (and) the trees5

from growing6. (Its result was that) ahsthe most beneficent14 waters13 of the omnipotent8 Creator9 (and) the Ruler10 (over all the creations) began to flow12

at once7, and the trees16 began to sprout15.

(79) Vīspāo āpō18 yazamaide19; vīspāo20 urvarāo21 yazamaide22; vīspāo23 ashāunām24 vanguhīsh25 sūrāo26 spentāo27 fravashayō28 yazamaide29. Nāmeni30 āpō31 yazamaide32; nāmeni33 urvarāo34 yazamaide35; nāmeni36 ashāunām37 vanguhīsh38 sūrāo39 spentāo40 fravashayō41 yazamaide42.

(79) We praise19 all17 the ahtwaters18; we praise22 all20 the trees21. We worship29 all23 the good25, heroic26 (and) beneficent27 Fravashis28 of the righteous (people)24. We praise32 the waters31, and the trees34 by (their special) ahunames33. We worship42 the good38, heroic39 (and) beneficent40

Fravashis41 of the righteous (people)37 with (their special) names36.

(80) Vīspanāmcha āonghām paoiryanām fravashinām idha yazamaide fravashīm, avām yām Ahurahe Mazdāo, mazishtāmcha vahishtāmcha sraēshtamcha, khraozdishtāmcha khrathwishtāmcha hukereptemāmcha, ashāt apanōtemāmcha.ahv

(81) Yenghe61 urva62 mānthrō63 Spentō64, aurushō65 raokhshnō66 frāderesrō67. Kehrpascha68 yāo69 raēthwayeiti70 srīrāo71 Ameshanām Spentanām72, verezdāo73 Ameshanām Spentanām74; hvare-khshaētem75 aurvat-aspem76 yazamaide77.

(80) And the first among all these Fravashis, do we worship here the Fravashi, of Ahura Mazda, (which is) the greatest, the best, fairest, firmest, wisest, most gracious, which hath reached the highest (stage) through Asha.

(81) Whose61 ahwsoul62 (is) the beneficent64 (or holy64) mānthra, white65, brilliant66 (and) beautiful67

= to break, to destroy.

ahr Statyat – Imperfect causal third person singular; root sta = to stand; staya = to cause to stand, to stop (causal).

ahs Original meaning, “brave, heroic”.

aht i.e. to the waters of various kinds; such as of the springs, of the rivers, of the wells, of rains, etc. whose description occurs at the end of Khorshed Nyāyesh, in yasna Hā 38, paras 3-5. yasna Hā 68, para 6.

ahu i.e. trees of various kinds. We do not find any reference about this in the Avesta; but it is found in the Pahlavi Bundehesh, Chapter 27. See English translation by Dr. West in S.B.E. Vol. V.

ahv For the translation of this para, see yasna Hā 26, para 2.

ahw i.e. The Soul of the Creator Ahura Mazda; pronoun yenghe occurring in the preceding para applies to Ahurahe Mazdāo.

FARVARDIN YASHT

We praise the beautiful71 (and) ahxefficacious73 form68 of Ameshāspand72

the swift-footed horse76, Sun75 which69 (Ahura Mazda) ahyhas given allegorically70 to the Ameshāspand74.

(Kardāh XXIII) (82) Ashāunām vanguhīsh sūrāo spentāo fravashayō yazamaide. Yāo Ameshanām Spentanām, khshaētanām verezidōithranām berezatām aiwyāmananām, takhmanām āhūiryanām, yōi aithye-janghō ashavanō.ahz

(83) Yōi1 hapta2 hamō-mananghō3, yōi4 hapta5 hamō-vachanghō6, yōi7 hapta8 hamō-shyaothnāonghō9. Yaēshām10 asti11 hamem12 manō13, hamem14 vachō15, hamem16 shyaothnem17, hamō18 patacha19 frasāstacha20, yō21 dadhvāo22 Ahurō Mazdaō23.

(84) Yaēshām24 anyō25 anyehe26 urvānem27 aiwi-vaēnaiti28, merethwentem29 humataēshu30, merethwentem31 hūkhtaēshu32, merethwentem33 hvarshtaēshu34, merethwentem35 garōnmānem36; yaēshām37 raokhshnāonghō38 pantānō39 āvayatām40 avi41 zaothrāo42.

(83) (There) (are) seven2 (Ameshāspand) of one thought3, one word6, and one deed9. Whose10 thought13, word15 (and) deed17 aiais the same16. Whose10

father19 and teacher20 (is) the same18, i.e.21 the Creator22 Ahura Mazda23.

(84) (Moreover) of whom24 one25 sees28 the soul27 of the other26 (i.e. Ameshāspand can see the souls of one another).

Explanation:- (As regards the state of that soul it is explained below).

Applying his mind29 in good thoughts30, (mind31) good aibwords32, and good deeds34, applying his mind to (the Heaven) Garothmān36. (Also) Whose37 paths are illuminated38, while coming40 to41 the votive offerings42.

(Kardāh XXIV) (85) Ashāunām1 vanguhīsh2 sūrāo3 spentāo4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6. Yāmcha7 āthrō8 urvāzishtahe9 spentahe10 vyākhnahe11, yāmcha12 Sraoshahe13 ashyehe14 takhmahe15 tanumānthrahe16 darshi-draosh17 Āhūiryehe18, yāmcha19 Nairyehe Sanghahe20.

(86) Yāmcha21 Rashnaosh22 razishtahe23, yāmcha24 Mithrahe25 vourugaoyaōitōish26, yāmcha27 mānthrahe28 spentahe29, yāmcha30 ashnō31,

ahx See yasna Hā 46.3; or increasing; root veredh = Sanskrit vridh + da (ta).

ahy Original meaning, “gives the form”. Raēthwayeiti - denominative verb causal. For its explanation, see my Avesta Grammar, page 248.

ahz For the translation of this para, see yasna Hā 26, para 3, Yasna Bā Maeni.

aia i.e. thoughts, words and deeds of the Seven Ameshāspand are one and the same, without the slightest difference.

aib Or in such state of concentrating his mind in good thoughts, good words and good deeds; merethwant = mere + ta + vant), Past Participle Active. Root mere = Sanskrit smri = to remember, See my Avesta Grammar, page 266.

yāmcha32 āpō33, yāmcha34 zemō35, yāmcha36 urvarayāo37, yāmcha38 gēush39, yāmcha40 gayehe41, yāmcha42 staoyō43 ashāvaoyō44.

(86) We worship6 the good2 heroic3 (and) beneficent4 Fravashis5 of the righteous (people)1.

We worship6 the aicFravashi7 of the Fire8 (called) aidUrvāzishta9, the beneficent10 and the aiesitter (leader) in the assembly11, the Fravashi12 of the holy14 Srosh15 (yazata) who is strong15, word-incarnate16, possessed of terrible weapon (for smiting the demons)17 (and) acting according to the Law of Ahura Mazda18 as well as the Fravashi19 of aifNeryosang (yazata)20.

(86) (aigWe worship) the Fravashi21 of the Just Rashna (yazata), the Fravashi24 of Mithra (yazata)25 of wide pastures26, the Fravashi27 of the beneficent29 (or holy29) aihHoly Spell28 the Fravashi30 of the sky31, and water13, the Fravashi34 of the earth35, and the trees37, the Fravashi38 of the cattle39, the Fravashis40 of aiithe life41 and aijCreation43.

(87) Gayehe45 Marethnō46 ashaonō47 fravashīm48 yazamaide49; yō50 paoiryō51 Ahurāi52 Mazdāi53 manascha54 gūshta55 sāsnāoscha56, yahmat57 hacha58 frāthweresat59 nāfō60 Airyanām61 dakhyunām62, chithrem63 Airyanām64 dakhyunām65.

Zarathushtrahe66 Spitāmahe67 idha68 ashaonō69 ashīmcha70 fravashīmcha71 yazamaide72.

(88) Paoiryāi73 vohū74 mamanāi75, paoiryāi76 vohū77 vaokushe78, paoiryāi79 vohū80 vāverezushe81, paoiryāi82 athaurune83, paoiryāi84 rathaēshtai85, paoiryāi86 vāstryāi87 fshuyante88, paoiryāi89 fravaēdhāi90, paoiryāi91 fravaēdhayamnāi92, paoiryāi93 hanghananāi94, paoiryāi95 hanghanushe96, gāmcha97 ashemcha98 ukhdemcha99 ukhdhakhyācha100 sraoshem1 khshathremcha2, vīspacha3 vohū4 Mazdadhāta5 ashachithra6.

(87) We worship49 the Fravashi48 of the righteous47 Gayomard45-46. Who50

first51 listened to56 the thought54 of (the Creator) Ahura52 Mazda53 and (His) teachings56; from which57-58 (the Creator Ahura Mazda) aikcreated59 the

aic The pronoun, yāmcha occurring in this and the following para stands for Fravashīm. The original meaning of yamcha is, “and whom”.

aid The fire within the plants which renders help for their growth (see yasna H3 17.11). Also its meaning is, “most joy-giving, most joyous”.

aie Or the convener of the assembly, the head of an assembly or the President of the assembly.

aif The Messenger of Ahura Mazda (see Vendidad fargard 19, 34; fargard 22,7).

aig The word, yazamaide occurring in the beginning of para 85 is to be taken here.

aih Its meaning is, “Mārespand yazata” also.

aii Its meaning would seem to be for (the benefit of) man.

aij Staoyō ashāvaoyō.

aik i.e. the entire Iranian race originated from the descent of Gayomard.

FARVARDIN YASHT

lineage60 of (the people of) Iranian61 countries62, the origin63 of (the people of) Iranian64 countries65. We worship72 here68 the holiness70 of the holy69

Spitaman67 Zarathushtra68 and (his) Fravashi71.

(88) (Who, i.e. the Prophet Zarathushtra) first73 thought76 good74 ailthought (according to the law of the Religion of Ahura Mazda), spoke78 good word77

(and) first79 did81 the good action80. Also, who was the first82 Athravan83 (= priest), Rathaeshtār85 (= warrior) and the (prosperity-bringing88) agriculturist87 (of the country). (Who) first89 gained the knowledge of the religion90, and taught92 (it) first91 (to others). Moreover, who was the first93

aimchooser94 (thought of the welfare) of the aincattle97, righteousness98, the Word of the religion99, obedience1 to the Word of the religion100, the sovereignty2 (of King Gushtāsp) (and) of all3 the good things4 having the seed of righteousness6, created by Ahura Mazda5).

(89) Yō7 paoiryō8 āthrava9, yō10 paoiryō11 rathaēshtāo12, yō13 paoiryō14 vāstryō15 fshuyās16. Yō17 paoiryō18 chakhrem19 urvaēsayat20 daēvāatcha21 haotāt22 mashyāatcha23, yō24 paoiryō25 stōish26 astvaithyāo27, staot28 ashem29 nāist30 daēvō31, fraorenata32 Mazdayasnō33 Zarathushtrish34 vīdaēvō35 Ahura-tkaēshō36.

(90) Yō37 paoiryō38 stōish39 astvaithyāo40 vāchīm41 aokhta42 vīdōyūm43

Ahurō-tkaēshem44. Yō45 paoiryō46 stōish47 astvaithyāo48 vāchīm49 framraot50 vīdōyūm51 Ahurō-tkaēshem52. Yō53 paoiryō54 stōish55 astvaithyāo56 vīspām57 daēvō-dātem58 vavacha59 ayesnyām60 avahmyām61. Yō62 sūrō63 vīspō-hujyāitish64 paoiryō-tkaēshō65 dakhyunām66.

(89) Who7 (i.e. the Prophet Zarathushtra) (was) the first8 priest9, warrior12

and (the prosperity-bringing16) agriculturist15. Who17 first18 aioturned20 the wheel19 of the daevas21 and (the wicked) men23 aiplike22 (the daevas). Who24

first25 in the corporeal27 world26 praised28 righteousness29 and aiqcaused the daevas31 to perish30; (also who) confessed himself2 a Mazda-worshipper13, and a follower of the Religion proclaimed by Zarathushtra (i.e. his own)34, an estranger from the doctrines of the daevas35 and the follower of the law of Ahura Mazda36.

ail Mamanāi, vaokushe, vāvarezushe - Perfect participle dative singular, First atmanepanda, and the last two parasmaipada; root man, vach, verez. For its explanation, see my Avesta Grammar, page 261-262.

aim Hanghananāi hanghanushe - Perfect participle dative singular; former atmanepada and the latter parasmaipada; root han; “to desire, to possess, to gain” (Darmesteter).

ain Or to Gāvyodād, i.e. first-created bull.

aio i.e. by eradicating wickedness and irreligiousness, led men to the path of morality and according to the dictates of the religion.

aip Haotāt (resembling to it, like it) ablative singular of havant (Darmesteter); or if, aotāt is taken, it would mean, “cold-hearted, merciless, or without feelings, cruel”.

aiq Who recited, “Ashem Vohū” and “Naismi daēvō” (Darmesteter).

(90) Who37 (i.e. the Prophet Zarathushtra) first38 in the corporeal40 world39

pronounced42 the Word41, opposed to the daevas43 (and) acting according to the Law of Ahura Mazda. Who45 first46 in the corporeal48 world47

proclaimed50 the Word49 opposed to the daevas51 (and) acting according to the Law of Ahura Mazda52. (Besides) who53 first54 in the corporeal56 world55

airdeclared every57 (creation) of the daevas58 as unworthy of worship60 (and) adoration61. Who62 in (all) the countries66 (is) the mighty63 aispaoiryotkaesha65, the giver of all comforts of life64.

(91) Yahmi67 paiti68 vīspem69 mānthrem70 ashem71 sravō72 vīsruyata73. Ahu74 ratushcha75 gaēthanām76; staota77 ashahe78 yat79 mazishtahecha80 vahishtahecha81 sraēshtahecha82; paiti-frakhshtacha83 daenayāo84 yat85 haitinām86 vahishtayāo87.

(92) Yim88 isen89 Ameshāo90 Spenta90 vīspe91 hvare-hazaosha92, fraoret93 frakhshni94 avi95 manō96 zarzdātōit97 anghuyat98 hacha99, ahūm100 ratūmcha1 gaēthanām2, staotārem3 ashahe4 yat5 mazishtahecha6 vahishtahecha7 sraēshtahecha8 paiti-frakhshtāremcha9 daēnayāo10 yat11 haitinām12 vahishtayāo13.

(91) aitTo whom67 (i.e. to Prophet Zarathushtra67) aiuwas caused to be heard73 the entire69 Holy Spell70 (and) the sacred71 verse72 (of the Religion). Who was the aivAhu74 and the Ratu75 of (all the) countries76. (Also who was) the praiser77 of the greatest80, best81, and excellent82 righteousness78; (and) was the expounder83 of the best87 religion84 of (all) the existing86 (religions).

(92) Whom88 (i.e. the Prophet Zarathushtra) all91 the Ameshāspand90, chose89 of one accord with Khorshed yazata92, (i.e. co-workers with one heart), with full faith and devoted heart93-99, as the Ahu100 and Ratu1 of (all) countries2, as the praiser3 of the greatest6, best7, and excellent8 righteousness4, and as the expounder9 of the religion10 (which is) the best13 of (all) the existing (religions)12.

(93) Yehe14 zāthaēcha15 vakhshaēcha16, urvāsen17 āpō18 urvarāoscha19; yehe20 zāthaēcha21 vakhshaēcha22, ukhshin23 āpō24 urvarāoscha25; yehe26 zāthaēcha27 vakhshaēcha28 ushtatātem29 nimravanta30 vīspāo31 spentōdātāo32 dāmān33.

air Original meaning, “spoke”; vavacha - Perfect Tense third person singular parasmaipada; root vach - Sanskrit vach.

ais The original meaning: Of the primeval law - faith. This word is used for the Mazda-worshippers prior to the Prophet Zarathushtra. Prophet Zarathushtra himself was the first paoiryotkaesha. Its analogy is, nabānazdishta.

ait Original meaning: “in whom” (locative singular) = yahmi paiti.

aiu i.e. the Prophet was full versed in all the holy and mysterious verses of the Religion and was perfect in matters of religion.

aiv Ahu, i.e. the temporal lord; ratu, i.e. the high priest; the spiritual leader.

FARVARDIN YASHT

(94) Ushta34 nō35 zātō36 āthrava37 yō38 Spitāmō39 Zarathushtrō40 frānō41 yazāite42 zaothrābyō43 steretō-baresma44 zarathushtrō45. Idha46 apām47 vījasāiti48 vanguhi49 daēna50 Māzdayasnish51 vīspāish52 avi53 karshvān54 yāish55 hafta56.

(93) In whose14 birth15 (i.e. in the birth of the Prophet Zarathushtra) and growth16 waters18 and plants19 rejoiced17; in whose20 birth21 and growth22

waters24 and plants25 increased23 in whose26 birth27 and growth28 all31 the creations33 created by Spenta Mainyu32 cried out30, “Hail”29.

Explanation:- On account of being noticed the laws of increasing and prospering the natural creations of waters, plants, etc., by Lord Zarathushtra, the entire nature rejoiced.

(94) (The entire nature uttered with joy):-

Hail34! born36 for us35 (is) one priest37 Spitaman Zarathushtra. Zarathushtra45, the spreader of Baresman44 (in the ceremonies) will now worship42 us41 with libations43. Hereafter47, the good49 Mazda-worshipping51

Religion50 will spread48 over53 all52 the seven56 regions of the earth54 (i.e. in the entire world).

(95) Idha57 apām58 Mithrō59 yō60 vouru-gaoyaoitish61 fradhāt62 vīspāo63 fratematātō64 dakhvyunām65 yaozaintīshcha66 rāmayeiti67. Idha68 Apām Napāo69 sūrō70 fradhāt71 vīspāo72 fratematātō73 dakhvyunām74 yaozaintīshcha75 nyāsāite76.

Maidyōi-māonghahe77 Ārāstayehe78 idha79 ashaonō80 ashīmcha81 fravashīmcha82 yazamaide83; yō84 paoiryō85 Zarathushtrāi86 mānthremcha87 gūshta88 sāsnāoscha89.

(95) Hereafter58 Mithra yazata59, the lord of wide pastures61, will increase62 the entire63 excellence64 of (our) countries65, and will tranquillize67

the aiwrevolts66. (Hereafter) the powerful70 Apām Napāt60 will increase71 the entire72 excellence73 of (our) countries74 and will quell76 the revolts75.

We worship83 the holiness81 of the holy80 aixMaidhyo-māongha77, the son of Ārāsti78 and (his) Fravashi82; who84 first85 listened with attention to88 the Holy Spell87 of (the Prophet) Zarathushtra86 and to the commandments of the religion89.

(Kardāh XXV) (96) Asmō-khvanvatō1 ashaonō2 fravashīm3 yazamaide4; Ashnō-khvanvatō5 ashaonō6 fravashīm7 yazamaide8;

aiw Or in the sense “excitement, agitation”. Originally this word is present participle feminine:provoking (things).

aix The cousin of Holy Zarathushtra, who had become the great helper of the Prophet in the work of propagating the Zoroastrian Religion. From here up to 110 paras, the names of the helpful disciples of the Prophet Zarathushtra occur. Most of these names belong to the age of King Gushtāspa.

Gavayānō9 ashaonō10 fravashīm11 yazamaide12; Parshatgēush13 Parātahe14 ashaonō15 fravashīm16 yazamaide17; Vohvastōish18 Snaoyehe19 ashaonō20 fravashīm21 yazamaide22; Isvatō23 Varāzahe24 ashaonō25 fravashīm26 yazamaide27.

(97) Saēnahe28 Ahūm-stūtō29 ashaonō30 fravashīm31 yazamaide32; yō33 paoiryō34 satō-aēthryō35 frakhshtata36 paiti37 āya38 zemā39. Pereididhayehe40 ashaonō41 fravashīm42 yazamaide43; Usmānarahe44 Paēshatahe 45 ashaonō46 fravashīm47 yazamaide48; Vohu-raochanghō49 Frānyehe50 ashaonō51 fravashīm52 yazamaide53; Ashō-raochanghō54 Frānyehe55 ashaonō56 fravashīm57 yazamaide58; Varesmō-raochanghō59 Frānyehe60 ashaonō61 fravashīm62 yazamaide63.

(98) Isat-vāstrahe64 Zarathushtrōish65 ashaonō66 fravashīm67 yazamaide68; Urvatat-narahe69 Zarathushtrōish70 ashaonō71 fravashīm72 yazamaide73; Hvare-chithrahe74 Zarathushtrōish75 ashaonō76 fravashīm77 yazamaide78; Daēva-tbōish79 takhmahe80 ashaonō81 fravashīm82 yazamaide83; Thrimithwatō84 Spitamahe85 ashaonō86 fravashīm87 yazamaide88; Dāonghahe89 Zairitahe90 ashaonō91 fravashīm92 yazamaide93.

(96) We worship4 the Fravashi3 of the righteous2 Asma khvanvant1; and the Fravashi7 of the righteous6 Ashan-khvanvant5; we worship12 the Fravashis11 of the righteous10 Gavayan9 and Parshat-gao13, (the son) of Parāta14; we worship22 the Fravashis21 of the righteous20 Vohvasti18, (the son) of Snaoya19, and Isvant23, (the son) of Varaza24.

(97) We worship32 the Fravashi31 of the righteous30 Saena28, (the son) of Ahum-stuta29; who33 first34 came into prominence36 as the possessor of one hundred disciples35 on37 this38 earth39. We worship43 the Fravashis42 of the righteous41 Pereididhaya40, and Usmanara44, (the son) of Paeshata45; we also worship53 the Fravashis52 of the righteous51 Vohu-raochangh49, Ashoraochangh54, and Varesmo-raochangh59, (the sons) of Frānya60.

(98) We worship68 the Fravashi of the righteous66 Isat-vāstra64, and the Fravashi72 of the righteous71 Urvatat-nara69, with the Fravashi77 of the righteous76 Hvare-chithra74 (or Khorshed-cheher74), (the sons) of (the Prophet) Zarathushtra75; we worship83 the Fravashi82 of the righteous81

Daeva-tbish79, (the son) of Takhma80 with the Fravashi87 of the righteous86

Thrimithwant84, of the family of Spitamān85; and we worship93 the Fravashi92

of the righteous91 Dāongha89, (the son) of Zairita90.

(99) Kavōish94 Vīshtāspahe95 ashaonō96 fravashīm97 yazamaide98, takhmahe99 tanu-mānthrahe100 darshi-draosh1 Āhūiryehe2 yō3 drucha4 paurvāncha5 ashāi6 ravō7 yaēsha8; yō9 drucha10 paurvāncha11 ashāi12 ravō13 vivaēdha14. Yō15 bāzushcha16 upastacha17 vīsata18 ainghāo19 daēnayāo20 yat21 Āhurōish22 Zarathushtrōish23.

FARVARDIN YASHT

(100) Yō24 hīm25 stātām26 hitām27 haitīm28 uzvazat29 hacha30 hūnuivyō31, nī32 hīm33 dasta34 maidyōishādhem35 berezi-rāzem36 afrakadhavaitīm37 ashaonīm38 thrāfdhām39 gēushcha40 vāstrahecha41, frithām42 gēushcha43 vāstrahecha44.

(99) We worship98 the Fravashi of the righteous (King) Vishtāspa95 of the Kayanian family94, the mighty99, aiyWord-incarnate100, and acting according to the Laws of Ahura Mazda. Who9 showed14 openly the (path) of righteousness12 with (his) aizstunning11 spear10.

Explanation:- Its significance is, that King Vishtāspa on account of the authority of his sovereignty, made the path wide open for the increase of righteousness, by destroying wickedness, and showed the people what could be achieved thereby.

(Moreover) who15 (i.e. King Vishtāspa) became18 the arm16 and the support17 of this19 religion20 (which is) of Ahura Mazda22 as revealed by Zarathushtra23.

(100) Who24-(i.e. King Vishtāspa) ajaseparated29 that steadfast26, extant28, ajbholy27 ajcreligion ajdfrom wicked men30-31 and fixed32-34 her33 ruling36 high, ajepromulgated (it) all around39, possessed of moral commandments38, sitting in the middle35 (i.e. honoured in the assembly of the people), fostered39 and beloved by cattle40 and pastures41.ajf

(101) Zairivarōish45 ashaonō46 fravashīm47 yazamaide48; Yukhtavarōish49 ashaonō50 fravashīm51 yazamaide52; Srīraokhshnō53 ashaonō54 fravashīm55 yazamaide56; Keresaokhshnō57 ashaonō58 fravashīm59 yazamaide60; Vanārahe61 ashaonō62 fravashīm63 yazamaide64; Vīrāzahe65 ashaonō66 fravashīm67 yazamaide68; Nījarahe59 Savanghō70 ashaonō71 fravashīm72 yazamaide73; Bujasravanghō74 ashaonō75 fravashīm76 yazamaide77; Berezyarshtōish78 ashaonō79 fravashīm80 yazamaide81; Tizyarshtōish82 ashaonō83 fravashīm84 yazamaide85; Perethwarshtōish86 ashaonō87 fravashīm88 yazamaide89; Vaēzyarshtōish90 ashaonō91 fravashīm92 yazamaide93.

aiy i.e. Whose body is Holy Spell; or whose body is subject to Mānthra - Holy Spell.

aiz Original meaning, “rushing forth, advancing forth”.

aja Original meaning, “took away after driven out” (root uz-vaz).

ajb Original meaning, “white” (Sanskrit sita): or “strengthened”, “bound”, root hi = Sanskrit si = to bind.

ajc In the original text, “her” (him), i.e. religion.

ajd Hunu = the brood of evil creation; son of wicked descent, hinuiwyō (Geldner).

aje Darmesteter, Original meaning, “doing no harm”.

ajf i.e. the religion which gives the best commandment for the increase (prosperity) of cattle and agriculture.

(101) We worship48 the Fravashi47 of the righteous46 Zairi-vairi45 (the brother of King Vishtāspa); We worship52 the Fravashi51 of the righteous50

Yukhta-vairi49; we worship56 the Fravashis55 of the righteous54 Sriraokhshna53, and Keresaokhshna57; we worship64 the Fravashis63 of the righteous62

Vanāra61, Virāza65, and Nijara69, (the son) of Savangh70; we also worship77 the Fravashis76 of the righteous75 Bujasravangh74, Berezyarshti78 and Tizyarshti32; we worship89 the Fravashi88 of the righteous87 Perethvarshti86 with the Fravashi92 of the righteous 91 Vaezyarshti90.

(102) Naptyehe94 ashaonō95 fravashīm96 yazamaide97; Vazāspahe98 ashaonō99 fravashīm100 yazamaide1; Habāspahe2 ashaonō3 fravashīm4 yazamaide5; Vistaraosh6 Naotairyānahe7 ashaonō8 fravashīm9 yazamaide10; Frash-hām-varetahe11 ashaonō12 fravashīm1-3 yazamaide14; Frashō-karahe15 ashaonō16 fravashīm17 yazamaide18; Āterevanaosh19 ashaonō20 fravashīm21 yazamaide22; Āterepātahe23 ashaonō24 fravashīm25 yazamaide26; Āteredātahe27 ashaonō28 fravashīm29 yazamaide30; Āterekhvarenanghō31 ashaonō32 fravashīm33 yazamaide34; Āteresavanghō35 ashaonō36 fravashīm37 yazamaide38; Āterezantēush39 ashaonō40 fravashīm41 yazamaide42; Āteredainghēush47 ashaonō48 fravashīm49 yazamaide50.

(102) We worship97 the Fravashi96 of the righteous95 Naptya94 with the Fravashi100 of the righteous99 Vazāspa98; we worship5 the Fravashi4 of the righteous3 Habāspa2, and Gustehem6, (son) of Nodar7, we worship14 the Fravashis13 of the righteous12 Frashhām-vareta11, Frasho-kara15, Āterevanu19, and Āterepāta23; we worship30 the Fravashi29 of the righteous28 Āteredāta27, with the Fravashi33 of the righteous32 Āterechithra31, and Āterekhvarenangh35; we worship42 the Fravashi41 of the righteous40 Ātere- Savangh39, Ātere-zantu43, and ajgĀtere-danghu47.

(103) Hushyaothnahe51 ashaonō52 fravashīm53 yazamaide54; Pishishyaothnahe55 ashaonō56 fravashīm57 yazamaide58; Takhmahe59 Spentō-dātahe60 ashaonō61 fravashīm62 yazamaide63; Bastavarōish64 ashaonō65 fravashīm66 yazamaide67; Kavārasmō68 ashaonō69 fravashīm70 yazamaide71; Frashaoshtrahe72 Hvōvahe73 ashaonō74 fravashīm75 yazamaide76; Jāmāspahe77 Hvōvahe78 ashaonō79 fravashīm80 yazamaide81; Avāraoshtrōish82 ashaonō83 fravashīm84 yazamaide85.

(103) We worship54 the Fravashi53 of the righteous52 Hushyaothna51; we worship58 the Fravashi57 of the righteous56 Pishishyaothna55, we worship63 the Fravashi62 of the brave59 (and) righteous61 Spento-dāta60 (Aspandyar60) (the son of King Vistāspa); we worship67 the Fravashis66 of the righteous65

ajg Shams-ul-Ulema Dr. Jivanji Jamshedji Modi regards the names derived from Atere occurring in this para 102 as the sons or grandsons of King Vishtāsp or of his nearest descendants.

FARVARDIN YASHT

ajhBastavairi,64 ajiGorazam68, ajjFrashoshtra72, and Jāmāspa78 7 of the family of Hvova78; we worship85 the Fravashi84 of the righteous83 ajkAvāraoshtri82.

(104) Hushyaothnahe86 Frāshaoshtrayanahe87 ashaonō88 fravashīm89

yazamaide90; Khvādaēnahe91 Frāshaoshtrayanahe92. ashaonō93 fravashīm94 yazamaide95; Hanghaurushō96 Jāmāspanahe97 ashaonō98 fravashīm99 yazamaide100; Varshnahe1 Hanghaurushōish2 ashaonō3 fravashīm4 yazamaide5; Vohu-nemanghō6 Avāraoshtrōish7 ashaonō8 fravashīm9 yazamaide10; paitishtātēe11 aghanāmcha12 khvafnanām13, aghanāmcha14 daēsanām15, aghanāmcha16 aoifranām17, aghanāmcha18 pairikanām19.

(104) We worship90 the Fravashi89 of the righteous88 Hushyaothna86 and the Fravashi94, of the righteous93 Khvādaena91, of the family of Frashaostara92; we worship100 the Fravashi99 of the righteous98 Hangha-urvangha96

(son) of Jāmāspa97; we worship5 the Fravashi4 of the righteous3 Varshna1 (the son) of Hanghaurushi2; in order to withstand11 evil-producing12 sleep13 (i.e.) evil14 dreams15 ajlapparitions and pairikas17; we worship10 the Fravashi9 of the righteous8 Vohu-nemangh6 (the son) of Avāraoshtri7.

(105) Mānthravākahe20 Sāimuzoish21 aēthrapatōish22 hamidhpatōish23 ashaonō24 fravashīm25 yazamaide26. Yō27 fraēshtem28 usaghanām29 gāthrō-rayantām30 ashemaoghanām31 anashaonām32 anahunām33 aratunām34 simanām35 avaschastō-fravashinām36 ava-jaghnat37, paitishtātēe38 ashava-karshtahe39 tbaēshanghō40.

(105) We worship26 the Fravashi25 of the righteous24 ajmMānthravāka20 (the son) of Sāimuzi21, the religious teacher22 and the placer of the log of wood or the sacred fire23 (i.e. the priest whose function is to tend the fire in the Sanctum Sanctorum of the Fire-temple). Who27 (Mānthravāka) in order to withstand38 the evil41 created40 against righteous man39 intensely smote the exceedingly wicked heretics29 (possessed of these evil traits), desecrating the Gathas30, impious32, having no master33, having no religious leader34,

ajh Son of Zarir, the brother of King Vishtāspa; according to Shāh-Nāmeh Nastur; the name should be Bastur; it became Nastur instead of Bastur probably because of one (dot) over, the Persian letter “be”.

aji Brother of Aspandyār, whom on account of jealousy and enmity, slandered, and caused Aspandyār to be thrown into prison (Burhāne qāte); Firdausi regards him as the relative of Vishtāspa.

ajj Frashaoshtra was the father-in-law of the Prophet Zarathushtra, and was his disciple and a staunch helper. Jāmaspa was the brother of Frashaoshtra and the prime-minister of King Vishtāspa. For his wisdom, foresight and prescience he was called, “Jāmāspa Hakim”.

ajk Name of an illustrious personage married to the daughter of Hvova family.

ajl Harlez. In the sense of the English word, “apparitions”. Professor Westergaard has given in his Avesta book the word aoiwranām whose meaning is not settled. Darmesteter has derived this word from root par (Sanskrit par = to fill) and translated, “gluttony” or “indigestion”.

ajm Original meaning of mānthravāka is the reciter of mānthra + vāka; root vach = Sanskrit vach = to speak.

dreadful35 and whose fravashis are to be destroyed36.

(106) Ashastvō41 Maidhyōi-māonghōish42-3 ashaonō44 fravashīm yazamaide46; Avarethrabanghō47 Rāshtare-vaghentōish48 ashaonō49 fravashīm50 yazamaide51; Budhrahe52 Dāzgrāspōish53 ashaonō54 fravashīm55 yazamaide56; zbaurvatō57 ashaonō58 fravashīm59

yazamaide60; Karshnahe61 zbaurvaithinahe62 ashaonō63 fravashīm64 yazamaide65; takhmahe66 tanu-mānthrahe67 darshi-draosh68 Āhūiryehe69.

(106) We worship46 the Fravashi45 of the righteous44 Ashastu41, (the son) of ajnMaidhyo-māongha43; and Avarethrabangh47, (the son) of Rāshtarevaghenta48; we worship56 the Fravashi55 of the righteous54 Budhra,52 (the son) of Dāzgraspa53, and the righteous58 Zbaurvant57; we worship65 the Fravashi64

of the righteous63 Karasna61, (the son) of Zbaurvant62, (who was) strong66, Word-incarnate67, mighty-speared68 (and) acting according to the doctrine of Ahura Mazda69.

(107) Yenghe70 nmāne71 Ashis Vanguhi72 srīra73 khshōithni74 fracharaēta75, kainīnō76 kehrpa77 srīrayāo78 ash-amayāo79 huraodhayāo80, uskāt81 yāstayāo82 erezvaithyō83 raēvat84 chithrem85 āzātayāo86. Yō87

azgatō88 arezayāo89 havaēibya90 bāzubya91, tanuye92 ravō93 aēshishtō94; yō95 azgatō96 arezayāo97 havaēibya98 bāzubya99, hamerethem100 paiti1 yūidhishtō2.

(107) In whose70 (i.e. Karasana’s) house71 entered75 (or moved about) the beautiful73 (and) shining74 Ashishvangh72 in the shape77 of a maiden76

(having) beautiful78, exceedingly courageous79 good appearance80, high81

girt82, straight83, brilliant84 face85, and ajonoble86. Who87 (i.e. Karasana Hero) having rushed forward88 (in the field) of battle89 (was) wishing happiness93

for his (own) body92, and who95 having rushed forward96 (in the field) of battle97 (was) fighting heroically2 with (the vigour of) both his arms99 against the opponent100.

(108) Vīrāspahe3 Karsnayanahe4 ashaonō5 fravashīm6 yazamaide7; Āzātahe8 Karsnayanahe9 ashaonō10 fravashīm11 yazamaide12; Frāyaodhahe13 Karsnayanahe14 ashaonō15 fravashīm16 yazamaide17; Vanghēush18 Arshyehe19 ashaonō20 fravashīm21 yazamaide22; Arshyehe23 vyākhnahe24 yāskerestemahe25 Mazdayasnanām26. Dārayat-rathahe28 ashaonō28 fravashīm29 yazamaide30; Frāyat-rathahe31 ashaonō32 fravashīm33 yazamaide34; Skārayat-rathahe35 ashaonō36 fravashīm37 yazamaide38.

(108) We worship7 the Fravashis of the righteous5 Virāspa3 Āzāta8 and Frāyaodha13, (the sons) of Karsnaya14; we also worship22 the Fravashi21 of the good18 (and) righteous20 Arshya19;

ajn For the explanation of the word Maidhyō-māongha, see paragraph 95 of the same yasht.

ajo For its comparison, see Āvān yasht, para 64.

FARVARDIN YASHT

Explanation: (In the excellence of him who is Arshya it is stated that):

We worship22 the Fravashi21 of the righteous20 Arshya19, most dexterous25

amongst (all) Mazda-worshippers26 (and) the leader of the assembly24. We worship30 the Fravashis29 of the righteous28 Dārayatratha27, Frāyat-ratha31, Skārayat-ratha35.

(109) Arshavatō39 ashaonō40 fravashīm41 yazamaide42; Vyarshavatō43 ashaonō44 fravashīm45 yazamaide46; Paityarshavatō47 ashaonō48 fravashīm49 yazamaide50; Amraosh51 ashaonō52 fravashīm53 yazamaide54; Chamraosh55 ashaonō56 fravashīm57 yazamaide58; Drāthahe59 ashaonō60 fravashīm61 yazamaide62; Paiti-drāthahe63 ashaonō64 fravashīm65 yazamaide66; Paiti-vanghahe67 ashaonō68 fravashīm69 yazamaide70; Frashāvakhshahe71 ashaonō72 fravashīm73 yazamaide74; Nemōvanghēush75 Vaēdhayanghahe76 ashaonō77 fravashīm78 yazamaide79.

(109) We worship42 the Fravashi41 of the righteous40 Arshavant39, with the Fravashi45 of the righteous44 Vyarshavant43, and Paityarshavant47; we worship54 the Fravashis53 of the righteous52 Amru51, Chamru55, and Drātha59; we worship66 the Fravashis65 of the righteous64 Paiti-drātha63 and Paitivangha67; we worship74 the Fravashi73 of the righteous72 Frashāvakhsha71, and also the the Fravashi78 of the righteous77 Nemo-vanghu75, (the son) of Vaedhayangha76.

(110) Vaēsadhahe80 ashaonō81 fravashīm82 yazamaide83; Ashāvanghēush84 Bivandanghahe85 ashaonō86 fravashīm87 yazamaide88; Jarō-danghēush89 Pairishtūrahe90 ashaonō91 fravashīm92 yazamaide93; Neremyazdanahe94 Āithwyaosh95 ashaonō96 fravashīm97 yazamaide98; Berezishnaosh99Arahe100 ashaonō1 fravashīm2 yazamaide3; Kasupitēush4 Arahe5 ashaonō6 fravashīm7 yazamaide8; Frayehe9 ashaonō10 fravashīm11 yazamaide12; Astvat-eretahe13 ashaonō14 fravashīm15 yazamaide16.

(110) We worship83 the Fravashi82 of the righteous81 Vaesadha80; we worship88 the Fravashi87 of the righteous86 ajpAshāvanghu84, (the son) of Bivandangha85; we worship93 the Fravashis92 of the righteous91

ajqJarodanghu89, (the son) of Pairishtura90, Neremyazda94, (the son) of Āithyu96, and Berezishnu99, (the son) of Ara100; we worship8 the Fravashi7 of the righteous6 Kasupitu4, (the son) of Ara5; the Fravashi11 of the righteous10

Fraya9; and the Fravashi15 of the righteous14 ajrAstvat-ereta13 (i.e. Soshyosh)13.

(Kardāh XXVI) (111) Gaopivanghēush1 ashaonō2 fravashīm3 yazamaide4; Hām-barethrovanghvām5 takhmahe6 ashaonō7 fravashīm8 yazamaide9; Staothrō-Vahishtahe-Ashahe10 ashaonō11 fravashīm12 yazamaide13; Pouru-dhākhshtōish14 Khshtāvaēnyehe15 ashaonō16

ajp High priest of the region called Arezahi (Dr. West).

ajq High priest of the region, called Savahi (Dr. West).

ajr Soshyosh is worshipped in three places (paras 110, 117, 128).

fravashīm17 yazamaide18; khshviwrāspanahe19 Khshtāvaēnyehe20 ashonō21 fravashīm22 yazamaide23.

(111) We worship4 the Fravashis3 of the righteous2 Gaopivanghu1, and Hām-baretar-vanghvām5, the valiant6; we worship13 the Fravashis12 of the righteous11 ajsStaotar-Vahishtahe-Ashahe10, Pourudhākhshti14, (the son) of Khshtāvaena15; with the Fravashi22 of the righteous21 Khshviwrāspa19, (the son) of Khshtāvaena20.

(112) Ayō-astōish24 Pourudhākhshtayanahe25 ashaonō26 fravashīm27 yazamaide28; Vohvastōish29 Pourudhākhshtayanahe30 ashaonō31 fravashīm32 yazamaide33; Gayadhāstōish34 Pourudhākhshtayanahe35 ashaonō36 fravashīm37 yazamaide38; Ashsavazadanghō39 Pourudhākhshtayanahe40 ashaonō41 fravashīm42 yazamaide43; Urudhaosh44 Pourudhākhshtayanahe45 ashaonō46 fravashīm47 yazamaide48; khshathrōchinanghō49 khshōiwrāspanahe50 ashaonō51 fravashīm52 yazamaide53.

(112) We worship28 the Fravashi27 of the righteous26 Ayo-asti24 we worship33 the Fravashi32 of the righteous31 Vohvasti29, (the son) of Pourudhākhshti30; we worship38 the Fravashis37 of the righteous36 Gayadhāsti34, ajtAshavazdangh39, along with the Fravashi47 of the righteous46 Urudhu44, (the sons) of Pourudhākhshti45; we worship53 the Fravashi52 of the righteous51

Khshathro-chinangh49, (the son) of Khshoiwrāspa50.

(113) Ashāhurahe54 Jīshtayanahe55 ashaonō56 fravashīm57 yazamaide58; Frāyazentahe59 ashaonō60 fravashīm61 yazamaide62; Frenanghō63 Frāyazentanahe64 ashaonō65 fravashīm66 yazamaide67; Jarōvanghēush68 Frāyazentahe69 ashaonō70 fravashīm71 yazamaide72; Ashavazdanghō73 Thritahe74 Sāizdrōish75 ashaonō76 fravashīm77 yazamaide78; Vohu-raochanghō79 Varakasānahe80 ashaonō81 fravashīm82 yazamaide83; Arezanguhatō84 Tūrahe85 ashaonō86 fravashīm87 yazamaide88; Usinemanghō89 ashaonō90 fravashīm91 yazamaide72.

(113) We worship58 the Fravashi57 of the righteous56 Ashāhura54, (the son) of Jishta55, with the Fravashi61 of the righteous60 Frāyazenta59; we worship67

the Fravashis66 of the righteous65 Frenangh63, and, Jiro-vanghu68, (the sons) of Frayazenta69; we also worship78 the Fravashis77 of the righteous76

ajuAshavazdangh73 (and) ajvThrita74 (the two sons) of Sāizdri75; we worship83

the Fravashi82 of the righteous81 Vohu-raochangh79 (the son) of Varakasāna80;

ajs This distinguished personage became the husband of the well-known woman, Ukhshenti (See para 140); the verbatim meaning of this name is, “the Praiser of the Best Righteousness”, the Reciter of “Ashem Vohū”.

ajt See Āvān yasht, paras 72-73.

aju See Āvān yasht, paras 72-73.

ajv he victorious of the pretentious Turanian tribe called Dānu fighting against the ancient Iranians, see Āvān yasht, paras 72-73. It would be better if these two proper names and the word, “Fravashi” were in dual gender according to the rules of grammar.

FARVARDIN YASHT

we worship88 the Fravashi87 of the righteous86 Arezanghvant84, (the son) of Tura85; and the Fravashi91 of the righteous90 Usiraemangh89.

(114) Yukhtāspahe93 ashaonō94 fravashīm95 yazamaide96; Ashashyaothnahe97 Gayadhāstayanahe98 ashaonō99 fravashīm100 yazamaide1; Vohu-nemanghō2 Katēush3 ashaonō4 fravashīm5 yazamaide6; Vohvazdanghō7 Katēush8 ashaonō9 fravashīm10 yazamaide11; Ashasaredhahe12 Ashasairyās13 ashaonō14 fravashīm15 yazamaide16; Ashasaredhahe17 Jairyās18 ashaonō19 fravashīm20 yazamaide21; Chākhshnōish22 ashaonō23 fravashīm24 yazamaide25; Syāvaspōish26 ashaonō27 fravashīm28 yazamaide29; Pourushtōish30 Kavōish31 ashaonō32 fravashīm33 yazamaide34.

(114) We worship96 the Fravashis95 of the righteous94 Yukhtāspa93, the righteous99 Asha-shyaothna97, (the son) of Gayadhāsta98, and Vohu-nemangh2, (the son) of Katu3; we worship11 the Fravashi10 of the righteous9

Vohvazdangh7, (the son) of Katu8; we worship16 the Fravashi15 of the righteous14 Ashasaredha12, (the son) of Ashasairyash13; we also worship21 the Fravashis20 of the righteous19 Ashasaredha17 (the son) of Jairyāsh18; Chākhshni22; Syavaspi26, and Pourushti30, (the son) of Kavi31.

(114) Varesmapahe35 Janarahe36 ashaonō37 fravashīm38 yazamaide39; Nanarāstōish40 Paēshatanghō41 ashaonō42 fravashīm43 yazamaide44; Zarazdātōish45 Paēshatanghō46 ashaonō47 fravashīm48 yazamaide49; Gaēvanōish50 Vohu-nemanghō51 ashaonō52 fravashīm53 yazamaide54; Erezvāo55 Srūto-spādāo56 ashaonāō57 fravashīm58 yazamaide59; Zrayanghāo60 Spentō-Khratvāo61 ashaonāo62 fravashīm63 yazamaide64; Varshnōish65 Vāgerezahe66 ashaonō67 fravashīm68 yazamaide69; Frāchyehe70 Taurvaētōish71 ashaonō72 fravashīm73 yazamaide74; Vahmaēdhātahe75 Mānthravākahe76 ashaonō77 fravashīm78 yazamaide79; Ushtrahe80 Sadhananghō81 ashaonō82 fravashīm83 yazamaide84.

(115) We worship39 the Fravashi38 of the righteous37 Varesmapa,35 (the son) of Janara36; we worship44 the Fravashi43 of the righteous Nanarāsti40, (the son) of Paeshatangh41, and we worship49 the Fravashi48 of the righteous47

Zarazdāiti45, (the son) of Paeshatangh46. We worship54 the Fravashis53 of the righteous52 Gaevani50, ( the son) of Vohu-nemangh51, Erezva55 (and) Srutospāda56; we worship64 the Fravashis63 of the righteous62 Zrayangh60 (and) Spento-Khratu61; we worship69 the Fravashi68 of the righteous67 Vershni65, (the son) of Vāgereza66; with the Fravashi73 of the righteous72 Frāchya70, (the son) of Taurvaeti71; we worship79 the Fravashis78 of the righteous077

Vahmaedhāta75, (the son) of Mānthravāka76, and Ushtra80, (the son) of Sadhanangh81.

(116) Danghu-srūtahe85 ashaonō86 fravashīm87 yazamaide88; Danghufrādanghō89 ashaonō90 fravashīm91 yazamaide92; Spōpadhō93 Makhshtōish93 ashaonō94 fravashīm95 yazamaide96; Payangharō

Makhshtōish97 ashaonō98 fravashīm99 yazamaide100; Ushtāzantahe1 ashaonō2 fravashīm3 yazamaide4; Ashasavanghō5 ashaonō6 fravashīm7 yazamaide8; Ashāurvathahe9 ashaonō10 fravashīm11 yazamaide12; Haomō-khvarenanghō13 ashaonō14 fravashīm15 yazamaide16; Varshnahe17 ashaonō18 fravashīm19 yazamaide20.

(116) We worship88 the Fravashis87 of the righteous86 Dangu-Sruta85, and Danghu-Frādangh89; we worship96 the Fravashi95 of the righteous94

Spopadho-raakhshti93; we worship100 the Fravashi99 of the righteous98

Payangharo-makhshti97; we worship4 the Fravashis3 of the righteous2

Ushtāzanta1, Ashasavangh5, and Ashāurvaetha9; we worship16 the Fravashi15 of the righteous14 Haomo-Kharenangh13, with the Fravashi19 of the righteous18 Varshna17.

(117) Fravahe21 ashaonō22 fravashīm23 yazamaide24; Usnākahe25 ashaonō26 fravashīm27 yazamaide28; Khvanvatō29 ashaonō30 fravashīm31 yazamaide32; Daēnāvazanghō33 ashaonō34 fravashīm35 yazamaide36; Arejaonahe37 ashaonō38 fravashīm39 yazamaide40; Aiwi-khvarenanghō41 ashaonō42 fravashīm43 yazamaide44; Huyazatahe ashaonō fravashīm yazamaide48; Haredhāspahe49 ashaonō50 fravashīm51 yazamaide52; Pāzinaghō53 ashaonō54 fravashīm55 yazamaide56; Khvākhshathrahe57 ashaonō58 fravashīm59 yazamaide60; Ashō-paoiryehe61 ashaonō62 fravashīm63 yazamaide64; Astvat-eretahe65 ashaonō66 fravashīm67 yazamaide68.

(117) We worship24 the Fravashi23 of the righteous22 Frava21; we worship28

the Fravashi27 of the righteous26 Usnāka25; we worship32 the Fravashi31 of the righteous30 Khvanvant29, Daenavazangh33, Arejaona37, and Aiwikhvarenangh41; we worship48 the Fravashi47 of the righteous46 Huyazata45; we worship52 the Fravashi51 of the righteous50 Haredhāspa49; we worship56 the Fravashi55 of the righteous54 Pāzinangh53; we also worship60 the Fravashis59 of the righteous58 Khvākhshathra57, Asho-paoirya61 and Astvat-ereta65 (i.e. Saoshyant).

(Kardāh XXVII) (118) Hugēush1 ashaonō2 fravashīm3 yazamaide4; Anghuyaosh5 ashaonō6 fravashīm7 yazamaide8; Gāurōish9 ashaonō10 fravashīm11 yazamaide12; Yushtahe13 Gāurvayanahe14 ashaonō15 fravashīm16 yazamaide17; Mānzdrāvanghēush18 ashaonō19 fravashīm20 yazamaide21; Srīrāvanghēush22 ashaonō23 fravashīm24 yazamaide25; Āyutahe26 ashaonō27 fravashīm28 yazamaide29; Sūrō-yazatahe30 ashaonō31 fravashīm32 yazamaide33.

(118) We worship4 the Fravashi3 of the righteous2 Hugao1, with the Fravashi7 of the righteous6 Anghuyu5; we worship12 the Fravashis11 of the righteous10 Gāuri9, Yushta13, (the son) of Gāurva14, Mānzdrāvanghu18 and, Srirāvanghu22; we worship29 the Fravashi28 of the righteous27 Ayuta26, along with the Fravashi32 of the righteous31 Suro-yazata30.

FARVARDIN YASHT

(119) Eredhwahe34 ashaonō35 fravashīm36 yazamaide37; Kavōish38 ashaonō39 fravashīm40 yazamaide41; Ukhshānō42 Vīdhisravanghō43 dūraēsrūtahe44 berezvatō45 ashaonō46 fravashīm47 yazamaide48; Vanghudhātahe49 Khvadhātahe50 ashaonō51 fravashīm52 yazamaide53; Uzyehe54 Vanghudhātayanahe55 ashaonō56 fravashīm57 yazamaide58; Frayehe59 ashaonō60 fravashīm61 yazamaide62.

(119) We worship37 the Fravashi36 of the righteous35 Eredhwa34 and we worship41 the Fravashi40 of the righteous39 Kavi38; we worship48 the Fravashis47 of the righteous46 Ukhshāna42, the son of Vidhisravargh43 farfamed44 (or renowned from a long period44) and ajwexalted45, Vanghudhāta49, (the son) the Khvadhāta50; we worship58 the Fravashi57 of the righteous56

Uzya54, (the son) of Vanghudhāta55, together with the Fravashi61 of the righteous60 Fraya59.

(120) Ashem-yenghe-raochāo63 nāma64 ashaonō65 fravashīm66 yazamaide67; Ashem-yenghe-vareza68 nāma69 ashaonō70 fravashīm71 yazamaide72; Ashem-yahmāi-Ushta73 nāma74 ashaonō7S fravashīm76 yazamaide77; Yōishtahe78 Frayananām79 ashaonō80 fravashīm81 yazamaide82; Usmānarahe83 Paēshatanghō84 Paiti-srīrahe85, paitishtātēe86 nāfyōkarshtahe87 tbaēshanghō88.

(120) We worship67 the Fravashis66 of the righteous (men)65 ajxAshemyenghe-raochangh63, ajyAshem-yenghe-vareza68, and ajzAshem-yahmāiushta73; we worship82 the Fravashi81 of the righteous80 Goshta Fryān78-79; (we worship the Fravashi) of (the akarighteous) Usmānara83, (the son) of Paeshatangh84 akbPaiti-srira85 in order to withstand86 the evils88 caused by near relatives87.

(121) Spitōish89 Uspāsnaosh90 ashaonō91 fravashīm92 yazamaide93; Erezrāspahe94 Uspāsnaosh 95ashaonō96 fravashīm97 yazamaide98; Usadhānō99 Mazdayasnahe100 ashaonō1 fravashīm2 yazamaide3; Frādatvanghēush4 Stivatō5 ashaonō6 fravashīm7 yazamaide8; Raochaschaēshmanō9 ashaonō10 fravashīm11 yazamaide12; Hvare-chaēshmanō13 ashaonō14 fravashīm15 yazamaide16; Frasrūtārahe17 ashaonō18 fravashīm19 yazamaide20; Visrūtārahe21 ashaonō22 fravashīm23

ajw “We worship the Fravashi of Duraēsruta, the son of Berezvant.” (Darmesteter)

ajx Its verbatim meaning is “righteousness is his light”.

ajy Its verbatim meaning is “righteousness is his work”.

ajz Its verbatim meaning is “righteousness is his prosperity, welfare.”

aka In the original text these usual words, “ashaonō fravashīm yazamaide” are omitted. It would be better to insert them.

akb This personage is different from Paeshatangh, occurring in para 115; the name Paiti-srira (his father’s name or, literally, “more handsome”) is given in order to distinguish him from that. Usmānara, the son of this Paeshatangh, must have been a well-known personage for his acts of compromise in resolving private family discussions or domestic feuds.

yazamaide24; Beremnahe25 ashaonō26 fravashīm27 yazamaide28; Vīsrūtahe29 ashaonō30 fravashīm31 yazamaide32.

(121) We worship93 the Fravashi92 of the righteous91 Spiti89, we worship98

the Fravashi97 of the righteous96 Erezrāspa94, (the sons) of Uspasnu95, and we worship)3 the Fravashi2 of the righteous1 Usadhāna99, (the son) of Mazdayasna100; we worship8 the Fravashis7 of the righteous6 Frādatvanghu4, (the son) of Stivat5, Raochao-chaeshman9, Hvarechaeshman13 and Frasrutara17; we worship24 the Fravashi23 of the righteous22 Visrutāra21, Baremna25, and Visruta29.

(122) Hvaspahe33 ashaonō34 fravashīm35 yazamaide36; Chathwarespahe37 ashaonō38 fravashīm39 yazamaide40; Dawrāmaēshōish41 ashaonō42 fravashīm43 yazamaide44; Fraoraosahe45 Kaoshahe46 ashaonō47 fravashīm48 yazamaide49; Frināspahe50 Kaēvahe51 ashaonō52 fravashīm53 yazamaide54; Frādat-narahe55 Gravāratēush56 ashaonō57 fravashīm58 yazamaide59; Vohushtrahe60 Ākhnanghahe61 ashaonō62 fravashīm63 yazamaide64; Vīvāreshvahe65 Ainyāvahe66 ashaonō67 fravashīm68 yazamaide69.

(122) We worship36 the Fravashi35 of the righteous34 Hvaspa33; we worship40 the Fravashi39 of the righteous38 Chathwarespa37; we worship44 the Fravashis43 of the righteous42 Dawrāmaeshi41, Fraoraosa45, the (son of) Kaosha46, Frināspa50, (the son) of Kaeva51, and the Fravashi58 of the righteous57 Frādat-nara55, (the son) of Gravāratu56; we also worship64 the Fravashi63 of the righteous62 Vohushtra60, (the son) of Ākhnangh61; with the Fravashi68 of the righteous67 Vivāreshva65, (the son) of Ainyāva66.

(122) Frārāzōish70 Tūrahe71 ashaonō72 fravashīm73 yazamaide74; Stipōish75 Ravatō76 ashaonō77 fravashīm78 yazamaide79; Parshintahe80 Gandrewahe81 ashaonō82 fravashīm83 yazamaide84; Avayehe85 Spenghahe86 ashaonō87 fravashīm88 yazamaide89; Aētavahe90 Māyavahe91 ashaonō92 fravashīm93 yazamaide94; Yaētushgēush95 Vyātanahe96, ashaonō97 fravashīm98 yazamaide99; Garshtahe100 Kavōish1 ashaonō2 fravashīm3 yazamaide4.

(123) We worship74 the Fravashis73 of the righteous72 Frārāzi70, (the son) of Tura71, Stipi75 (the son) of Raevant76, Parshinta80, (the son) of Gandrewa81, and the Fravashi88 of the righteous87 Avaya85 (the son of) Spengha86; together, we worship94 the Fravashis93 of the righteous92 Aetava90 (the son) of Māyava91, Yaetush-gao95, (the son) of Vyāta96, and (the son) of Kavi1.

(124) Pouru-banghahe5 Zaoshahe6 ashaonō7 fravashīm8 yazamaide9; Vohu-dātahe10 Kātahe11 ashaonō12 fravashīm13 yazamaide14; Bāonghahe15 Sāonghanghahe16. ashaonō17 fravashīm18 yazamaide19; Hvarezāo20 Ankasayāo21 ashaonāo22 fravashīm23 yazamaide24; Aravaoshtrahe25 Erezavatō dainghēush26 ashaonō27 fravashīm28 yazamaide29;

FARVARDIN YASHT

Frāchithrahe30 Berezavatō31 ashaonō32 fravashīm33 yazamaide34; Vohuperesahe35 Ainyāvahe36 ashaonō37 fravashīm38 yazamaide39.

(124) We worship9 the Fravashi8 of the righteous7 Pouru-bangha5, the son of Zaosha6; we worship14 the Fravashi13 of the righteous12 Vohu-dāte10, (the son) of Katā11; we worship the Fravashi18 of the righteous17 Bāongha15 (the son) of Sāongha16; we worship24 the Fravashis23 of the righteous22 akcHvarez20

and Ankasa21, Aravaoshtra25, (the son) of Erezvat-dainghu26, Frāchithra30, (the son) of Berezavant31; also we worship39 the Fravashi38 of the righteous37

Vohu-perese35, (the son) of Ainyu36.

(125) Parō-dasmahe40 Dāshtāghnoish41 Muza42 Muzayāo43 dainghēush44 ashaonō45 fravashīm46 yazamaide47; Fraturāo48 Asrutāo49 Baēshatasturāo50 ashaonāo51 fravashīm52 yazamaide53; Avaregēush54 erezavato55 Aoighmatasturahe56 ashaonō57 fravashīm58 yazamaide59; Gaomatō60 Zavanō61 Raozdyahe62 Raozdyayāo63 dainghēush64 ashaonō65 fravashīm66 yazamaide67; Thritō68 Aēvo-saredhō-fyushtahe69 Tanyehe70 Tanyayāo71 dainghēush72 ashaonō73 fravashīm74 yazamaide75.

(125) We worship47 the Fravashis46 of the righteous45 Parodasma40, (the son) of Dāshtāghna41, (who is) the inhabitant of Muza43 country44, Fratura48

(and) Asruta49, (the sons) of Baeshatastura50, with the Fravashi58 of the pure55

and righteous57 Avaregao54, (the son) of Aoighmatastura56; we worship67 the Fravashi66 of the righteous65 Gaomant60, (the son) of Zavana61, the akdinhabitant of the Raozdya63 country64, and the Fravashi74 of Thrita68, (the son) of Aevo-saredho-fyushta69, the inhabitant of the Tanya71 country72.

(126) Tīrō-nakathwahe76 Uspaēshatanām77 Saēnanām78 ashaonō79 fravashīm80 yazamaide81; Utayutōish82 Vitkavōish83 Zighrōish84 Saēnahe85 ashaonō86 fravashīm87 yazamaide88; Frohakafrahe89 Marezishmyehe90 Saēnanām91 ashaonō92 fravashīm93 yazamaide94; Varemō-raochāo95 Perethwafsmō96 ashaonō97 fravashīm98 yazamaide99.

(126) We worship81 the Fravashis80 of the righteous79 Tiro-nakathwa76 of the family of Uspaeshata-Saena77-78, Utayuti82, the son of Vitkavi83 (and) Zighni84, (the son) of Saena85; we also worship94 the Fravashi93 of the righteous92 Fro-hakafra89, (the son) of Marezishmya90 of the family of Saena91, with the Fravashi98 of the righteous Varesmo-raochangh95, the son of Perethwafsma96.

(127) Asha-nemanghāo100 Vīdat-gavāo1 Anghuyāo2 dainghēush3 ashaonāo4 fravashīm5 yazamaide6; Parshat-gavāo7 Dāzgrō-gavāo8

akc These two words are dvandva compound genitive dual; the original forms are Hvareza and Ankasa.

akd In the original text:- Muzi of the Muza country; Raozdi of the Raozdya country and Tani of the Tanya country (just as the inhabitant of Surat is called Surti). Muza, Raozdya and Tanya are likely to be different from some countries under the Iranian subjugation. Nothing is definitely ascertained about them.

Apakhshīrayao9 dainghēush10 ashaonāo11 fravashīm12 yazamaide13; Hufravākhsh14 Kahrkananām15 ashaonō16 fravashīm17 yazamaide18; Akayadhahe19 Pudhanām20 ashaonō21 fravashīm22 yazamaide23; Jāmāspahe24 Aparazātahe25 ashaonō26 fravashīm27 yazamaide28; Maidhyō-māonghahe29 aparazātahe30 ashaonō31 fravashīm32 yazamaide33; Urvatat-narahe34 aparazātahe35 ashaonō36 fravashīm37 yazamaide38.

(127) We worship6 the Fravashis5 of the righteous4 Asha-nemangh100

(and) Vidat-gao1 of the country3 (called) akeAnghu2; we worship13 the Fravashis12 of the righteous11 Parshat-gao7 (and) Dāzgro-gao8 of Apakhshira9; we worship18 the Fravashi17 of the righteous16 akfHufravākhsh14 of the family of Kahrka15, and we worship23 the Fravashi22 of the righteous21 Akayadha19 of the Pudha family20; we worship28 the Fravashis27 of the righteous26

akgJāmāspa24, Maidhyo-māh29, and Urvatat-nara34 (bora later on35) of later period.

(128) Raochas-chaēshmano39 ashaonō40 fravashīm41 yazamaide42; Hvare-chaēshmano43 ashaonō44 fravashīm45 yazamaide46; Frādat-khvarenanghō47 ashaonō48 fravashīm49 yazamaide50; Vidat-khvarenanghō51 ashaonō52 fravashīm53 yazamaide54; Vouru-nemanghō55 ashaonō56 fravashīm57 yazamaide58; Vouru-Savanghō59 ashaonō60 fravashīm61 yazamaide62; Ukhshyat-eretahe63 ashaonō64 fravashīm65 yazamaide66; Ukhshyat-nemanghō67 ashaonō68 fravashīm69 yazamaide70; Astvateretahe71 ashaonō72 fravashīm73 yazamaide74.

(128) We worship42 the Fravashis41 of the righteous40 akhRaochaschaeshman39, and Hvare-chaeshman43; we worship50 the Fravashi49 of the righteous48 Frādat-khvarenangh47, together with the Fravashis53 of Vidatkhvarenangh51, Vouru-nemangh55 and Vouru-savangh59 we also worship66 the Fravashis65 of the righteous64 akiHoshedarbāmi63, akjHoshedarmāh67, and akkSoshyosh71.

ake Darmesteter; if we take the text, “anghāo danghēush” according to Westergaard, it would mean, “of this country”.

akf Or of Hufravāch; only sh of the genitive singular termination is added like narsh.

akg i.e. The grandson of Jāmāspa or one descended from his family; his lineage. When the word, aparazata comes with other names, it is to be understood this way. About the first Jāmāsp, Mediomāh and Urvatat-nara, see paras 95, 98, and 103 of this yasht.

akh During the period of last 57 years of Resurrection, the names of those six great men who are taking part with Soshyosh are stated in this paragraph from “Raochas-chaēshman” up to “Vourusavangh”. For further details, see my Avesta dictionary.

aki The future prophet, son of Zarathushtra to be born of Srutat-fedhri at the time of Resurrection.

akj The future prophet, son of Zarathushtra to be born of Vanghu-fedhri at the time of Resurrection.

FARVARDIN YASHT

(Kardāh XXVIII) (129) Yō1 anghat2 Saoshyās3 verethraja4 nāma9 Astvat-eretascha6 nāma7. Avatha8 Saoshyās9, yatha10 vīspem11 ahūm12 astvantem13 sāvayāt14; avatha, Astvat-eretō, yatha astvāo hān19 ushtanavāo20 astvat-aithyejanghem22 paitishtāt23, paitishtātēe24 bizangrōchithrayāo25 drujō26, paitishtātēe27 ashava-karshtahe28 tbaēshanghō29.

(129) Who1 (i.e. the prophet born of the mother called Eredat-Fedhri mentioned above) will be revealed (manifest2) as the victorious9 Saoshyant by name5, as well as Astvat-ereta6 by name7. (His name) Saoshyant9 is for this reason8 that he aklwill benefit14 the whole11 corporeal13 world12. (His name) Astvat-ereta16 (is) for this reason8 that akmhe19 will aknresuscitate (revive) the corporeal21 (world) which is perishable22.

Explanation:- (The reason of resuscitation is mentioned below).

In order to withstand24 akowicked men25 of druj-like nature26, and in order to withstand the evil29 created (in the opposition of) against righteous man28

(i. e. in order to suppress the evils of the demons, drujas and wicked men) (that future Prophet Saoshyant will revive the dead in this world).

(Kardāh XXIX) (130) Yimahe1 Vīvanghanahe2 ashaonō3 fravashīm4 yazamaide5 sūrahe6 pouro-vāthwahe7, paitishtātēe8 ainishtōish9 daevōfrakarshtayāo10, haēchanghascha11 avāstrahe12, ithyejanghascha13 marshaonahe14.

(131) Thraētaonahe15 Āthuyānōish16 ashaonō17 fravashīm18 yazamaide19, paitishtātēe20 garenāushcha21 tafnaoshcha22 naēzahecha23 sārastōishcha24 vāvarshyāoscha25, paitishtātēe26 Azi-karshtahe27 tbaēshanghō28. Aoshnarahe29 pouru-jirahe30 ashaonō31 fravashīm32 yazamaide33; Uzvahe34 Tumāspanahe35 ashaonō36 fravashīm37 yazamaide38; Aghraērathahe39 naravahe40 ashaonō41 fravashīm42 yazamaide43; Manushchithrahe44 Airyāvahe45 ashaonō46 fravashīm47 yazamaide48.

(130) We worship5 the Fravashi4 of the righteous3 (King) Yima1, the valiant6, having a large retinue7, the son of Vivanghana2, for withstanding draught or currents of air of deadly destruction13, created by the Daevas10. Which destroy pastures12 (and) means of subsistence9.

akk The son of Holy Zarathushtra and the future prophet, to be born of the mother Eredat-fedhri at the time of Resurrection. The original meaning of, “astvat-ereta” is, “one who makes the bodily creatures rise up”, i.e. the maker of Resurrection.

akl The original meaning of “Saoshyant” is, “he who will benefit in future”, “the future benefactor”, derived from the root su = to benefit. Sāvayāt = Casual.

akm Hā-present participle masculine nominative singular; original form hant + s; root ah = Sanskrit as-, to be-.

akn Original meaning, “will raise up23 the bodily18 and living creatures”. Geldner gives the text paitishāt.

ako Original meaning, “the druj of the brood of the biped”.

(131) We worship19 the Fravashi18 of the righteous17 akpFaredun15, the son of Athawyan16, in order to withstand20 itch21, fever22, akqdebility23, aguefever24, free indulgence of lust25, and the evil28 akrcaused by snake27. We worship33 the Fravashi32 of the righteous31 aksAoshnara29, full of intelligence30; we worship38 the Fravashi37 of the righteous36 Uzava34, the son of aktTehemaspa35, and the Fravashi42 of the righteous46 Aghraeratha39, the akubrave40, with the Fravashi47 of the righteous46 Minocheher44, the son of akvErach45.

(132) Kavōish49 Kavātahe50 ashaonō51 fravashīm52 yazamaide53; Kavōish54 Aipivanghēush55 ashaonō56 fravashīm57 yazamaide58; Kavōish59 Usadhanō60 ashaonō61 fravashīm62 yazamaide63; Kavōish64 Arshnō65 ashaonō66 fravashīm67 yazamaide68; Kavōish69 Pisinanghō70 ashaonō71 fravashīm72 yazamaide73; Kavōish74 Byarshānō75 ashaonō76 fravashīm77 yazamaide78; Kavōish79 Syāvarshānō80 ashaonō81 fravashīm82 yazamaide83; Kavōish84 Haosravanghō85 ashaonō86 fravashīm87 yazamaide88.

(133) Amahecha89 paiti90 hutāshtahe91, verethraghnahecha92 paiti93 Ahuradhātahe94, vanaintyāoscha95 paiti96 uparatātō97, sanguhascha98 paiti99 husastayāo100, sanguhascha1 paiti2 amuyamnayāo3, sanguhascha4 paiti5 avanemnayāo6, hathra vatahecha7 paiti8 hamerethanām9.

(132) We worship53 the Fravashi52 of the righteous51 Kay49 Kobad50; we worship58 the Fravashi57 of the righteous56 Kay54 akwAipivanghu55 (the son of Kay Kobad), and the Fravashi62 of the righteous61 Kay59 Usadhana60; we worship68 the Fravashi67 of the righteous66 Kay64 Arshan65, together with the Fravashis72 of the righteous71 Kay69 Pisinang70 and Kay74 akxByarshan75; we

akp Here Faredun appears to have been remembered as a physician removing diseases; for further details, see notes on the Pazend portion of Vanant yasht, in my Khordeh Avesta Bā Maeni.

akq Other meanings of the word naēza are: filthiness, impurity, the point of a needle.

akr Its significance is, evil caused by Zohak (Azi-Dahāka). After coming to the sovereignty by defeating Zohak, King Faredun destroyed all his wicked doctrines.

aks The Counsellor of Kavi Usa-King Kaikaus, who was eventually killed by the Daevas (Darmesteter); Jira = Persian zirak = wise, intelligent.

akt The son of Nodar and grandson of King Minocheher.

aku Or possessed of special qualities of humanity (derived from nar). Compare Persian words insāniyat, mardumi. Know that although Agreras was the brother of Afrasyab was Turanian, he kept good feelings towards the Iranians. He was the holy and religious person.

akv The youngest son of King Faredun; the names of the remaining two sons Salam and Tura.

akw Son of Kay Kobād (Darmesteter).

akx Four sons of Kay Aipivanghu:- (1) Kay Usadhana (or Kay Usa, i.e. Kay Kāus); (2) Kay Arshan (Kay Arasha); (3) Kay Pisinangh (Kay Pasina); (4) Kay Byarshan = Kay Vyārash (Bundehesh) = Kay Armin. Out of them, only Kai Kāus came to the throne of Iran.

FARVARDIN YASHT

also worship83 the Fravashi82 of the righteous81 Kay79 akySiavakhsh80, and Kay84 Khosravah85, (the son of Kay Siavakhsh).

(133) (We worship the Fravashis of the above-mentioned great men) for90

(gaining) the well-shapen91 courage89, victory92 created by Ahura Mazda94, for96 conquering95 superiority97, for99 (acquiring) well-taught100, steadfast3, and invincible6 admonition4 (in any matter whatever), (and) for8 (acquiring) strength for smiting the enemies9 at one stroke7.

Explanation:- Its significance is, that in this yasht, the Fravashis of wellknown men and women are worshipped for one to take a lesson from the virtues of these men and women, such as their goodness, righteousness, heroism, altruism and patriotism, and one should try to acquire zealously their virtues by acting in accordance with them.

(134) Drvahecha10 paiti11 aojanghō12, khvarenanghascha13 paiti14 Mazdadhātahe15, tanuyāoscha16 paiti17 drvatātōl8, āsnayāoscha19 paiti20 vanghuyāo21 frazantōish22 dangrayāo23 vyākhanayāo24 khshōithnyāo25, spiti-dōithrayāo26 ānzō-būjo27 hvīrayāo28, huzantēush29 paiti30 aparayāo31 vyarethyayāo32 vahishtahe33 anghēush34.

(135) Khshathrahecha35 paiti36 bānumatō37, daregha-yāoscha38 paiti39 dareghō-jītōish40, vīspanāmcha41 paiti42 ayaptanām43, vispanāmcha44 paiti45 baēshazanām46, paitishtātēe47 yāthwām48 pairikanāmcha49, sāthrām50 kaoyām51 karafnāmcha52, paitishtātēe53 sāstō-karshtahe54 tbaēshanghō55.

(134) (We worship the Fravashis of the above-mentioned great men) for11

(acquiring) sound10 strength12, glory13 created by Ahura Mazda15; soundness (of health)18, for20 (acquiring) the offspring22 having innate wisdom19, good21, wise23, a chief in the assembly24, shining25, brilliant-eyed26 (i.e. of sharp intelligence), relieving from distress27 and powerful as a hero28, man of good intellect29 keeping afar31 from irreligiousness32 (and) for30 acquiring the heaven33-34 fixed for the religious and well-intelligent person).

(135) (We worship the Fravashis of the above mentioned great men) for36

(acquiring) the brilliant37 (or majestic37) sovereignty, for39 a long38 enduring life40, for42 (acquiring) all41 boons43, all44 healing-virtues46, for withstanding47

wizards48, witches49, tyrants50, the Kiks51 and the Karapans52 (and) for withstanding53 evil55 caused by the tyrants54.

(136) Sāmahe56 Keresāspahe57 gaesaosh58 gadhavarahe59 ashaonō60 fravashīm61 yazamaide62; paitishtātēe63 ughrahe64 bāzāush65 haenayāoscha66 perethu ainikayāo67 perethu-drafhayāo68, eredhwō-drafshayāo69 uzgereptō-drafshayāo70 khrurem7i drafshem72 barentayāo73; paitishtātēe74 gadhahe75 frakerestō-frasānahe76 simahe77 virenjanō78

aky The son of King Kay Kāus and the father of King Kay Khoushrou; Afrāsyāb being excited on account of the plottings of his brother Karasivaz, killed him.

anāmarezdikahe79, paitishtātēe80 gadhō-karshtahe81 tbaeshanghō82.

(136) We worship62 the Fravashi61 of the righteous60 Keresaspa57, the curly-haired58 mace-bearer59, of the (well-known) Sama family56, in order to withstand63 the army66, of the powerful64 arms65, wide-fronted67, with wide raised up banners69, with uplifted cruel banners70, in order to withstand74 the brigand75, who works destruction76, (and who is) dreadful77, man-slaying78

and unmerciful79. Also, in order to withstand80 the evil82 caused by the brigands81.

Explanation:- We worship the Fravashi of the hero Keresaspa in order that by commemorating his heroic exploits and welfare works we may get enthusiasm and we may thereby get sufficient courage and strength for withstanding the destruction rushed forward in the country, or for combating against the attacks of thieves and robbers.

(137) Ākhrūrahe83 Haosravanghanahe84 ashaonō83 fravashīm86 yazamaide87; paitishtātēe88 hashidavahe89 drvatō90 arātōishcha91 gaēthomerenchyānahe92; Haoshyanghahe93 takhmahe94 ashaonō95 fravashīm','96 yazamaide97; paitishtātēe98 Māzainyanām99 daēvanām100, varenyanāmcha1 drvatām2, paitishtātēe3 daēvo-karshtahe4 tbaēshanghō5.

(138) Fradhākhshtōish6 Khunbyehe7 ashaonō8 fravashīm9 yazamaide10, paitishtātēe11 aēshmahe12 khrvī-draosh13 aēshmō-varedhanāmcha14 drvatām15, paitishtātee16 aēshmō-karshtahe17 tbaēshanghō18.

(137) We worship87 the Fravashi86 of the righteous85 akzAkhrura83, the son of Haosravangh84, in order to withstand88 alastinginess91 that deceives the friend89, wicked90 and world-destroying92. We worship97 the Fravashi96 of the valiant94, righteous95 Haoshyangha93 in order to withstand98 the daevas100 of Māzandrān99, and the wicked people2 of Gilān1, also in order to withstand3

the evil5 produced by the daevas4.

(138) We worship10 the Fravashi9 of the righteous8 Fradhākhshti6, the son of Khunbya7, in order to withstand11 the daeva Aeshma12 of cruel weapon13

and wrath-inciting14 wicked persons15, and in order to withstand16 the evil18

caused by anger (or by the Aeshma daeva)17.

(Kardāh XXX) (139) Hvōvyāo1 ashaonyāo2 fravashīm3 yazamaide4, Frenyāo5 ashaonyāo6 fravashīm7 yazamaide8; Thrityāo9 ashaonyāo10 fravashīm11 yazamaide12; Pouruchistayāo13 ashaonyāo14 fravashīm15 yazamaide16; Hutaosayāo17 ashaonyāo18 fravashīm19 yazamaide20; Humāyāo21 ashaonyāo22 fravashīm23 yazamaide24; Zairichyāo25 ashaonyāo26 fravashīm27 yazamaide28; Vīspa-taurushyāo29 ashaonyāo30 fravashīm31 yazamaide32; Ushtavaityāo33 ashaonyāo34 fravashīm35

akz The friend helping in the heroic adventures of the hero Keresāspa; probably the descendant of the Sāma family.

ala Or excessive greed.

FARVARDIN YASHT

yazamaide36; Tushnāmaityāo37 ashaonyāo38 fravashīm39 yazamaide40.

(139) We worship4 the Fravashi3 of the righteous2 albHvovi1; we worship8

the Fravashi7 of the righteous6 alcFreni5, and we worship12 the Fravashi11 of the righteous10 Thrity9; we worship16 the Fravashis15 of the righteous14

Pouruchisti13, aldHutaosa17 and aleHumaya21; we also worship28 the Fravashis27

of the righteous26 Zairichi25, Vispa-taurushi29, Ushtavaiti33; alfand Tushnāmaiti37.

(140) Frenyāo41 nāiryāo42 Usinemanghō43 ashaonyāo44 ashaonō45 fravashīm46 yazamaide47; Frenyāo48 nāiryāo49 Frāyazantanahe50 ashaonyāo51 ashaonō52 fravashīm53 yazamaide54; Frenyāo55 nāiryāo56 Khshōiwrāspanahe57 ashaonyāo58 ashaonō59 fravashīm60 yazamaide61; Frenyāo62 nairyāo63 Gayadhāstōish64 ashaonyāo65 ashaonō66 fravashīm67 yazamaide68; Asabanayāo69 nāiryāo70 Pourudhākhshtōish71 ashaonyāo72 ashaonō73 fravashīm74 yazamaide75; Ukhshentyāo76 nāiryāo77 Staothrō Vahishtahe Ashahe78 ashaonyāo79 ashaonō80 fravashīm81 yazamaide82.

(140) We worship47 the Fravashis46 of the righteous Freni41, the wife42 of the righteous45 algUsinemangh43, Freni48, the wife49 of the righteous52

alhFrayazentana50, Freni55, the wife56 of the righteous59 aliKhshoiwrāspana57, and aljFreni62, the wife63 of the righteous66 Gayadhāsta64. We worship75 the Fravashi74 of the righteous72 Asabana69, the wife70 of the righteous73

alkPourudhākhshta71, with the Fravashi81 of the righteous79 Ukhshenti76, the wife of the righteous79 allStaotar-vahishtahe-ashahe78.

(141) Kanyāo83 Vadhutō84 ashaonyāo85 ashaonō86 fravashīm87

alb Wife of the Prophet Zarathushtra and the daughter of Frashaoshtra.

alc Note that Freni, Thriti and Pouruchisti are the names of the daughters of the Prophet Holy Zarathushtra.

ald Hutaosa is the wife of King Vishtaspa. In the Shāh Nāmeh she is known by the name Ketāyun.

ale Humāya is the name of the daughter of King Vishtaspa.

alf The original meaning of Tushnāmaiti is “contented thought”. The same word occurs in yasna Hā 43, stanza 15 as two separate words, Tushnā maiti, (= contented thought). In the Kardāh XXX, i.e. in paras 139-142 the Fravashis of the illustrious wives and girls are worshipped.

alg His Fravashi is worshipped in para 113 of this yasht.

alh Or the wife of the son of Frāyazen to;” Wife of Frāyazenta”. (Darmesteter).

ali Or the wife of the son of Khshōiwrāspa; “wife of Khshoiwraspa”. (Darmesteter).

alj In this para the Fravashis of four different illustrious ladies by name Freni, are worshipped. Besides, the Fravashis of the husbands of the wives mentioned in this para, being renowned in acts of the Zoroastrian Religion, are also worshipped, (see paras 111-113 of the yasht).

alk Note that there were five sons of Pourudhākhshti born of the wife Asabana: (1) Ayo-asti; (2) Vohu-vasti; (3) Gayadhākshti; (4) Ashavazdangha; (5) Urudhu, (see para 112 of this yasht).

all Original meaning is, “Praiser of the Best Righteousness”.

yazamaide88 Kanyāo89 Jaghrūdho90 ashaonyāo91 ashaonō92 fravashīm93 yazamaide94; Kanyāo95 Franghādhō96 ashaonyāo97 ashaonō98 fravashīm yazamaide100; Kanyāo1 Urodhayantō2 ashaonyāo3 ashaonō4 fravashīm5 yazamaide6; Kanyāo7 Paēsanghanva8 ashaonyāo9 ashaonō10 fravashīm11 yazamaide12; Hvaredhyāo13 ashaonyāo14 fravashīm15 yazamaide16; Huchithrayāo17 ashaonyāo18 fravashīm19 yazamaide20; Kanukayāo21 ashaonyāo22 fravashīm23 yazamaide24; Kanyāo25 Srūtat-Fedhryō26 ashaonyāo27 fravashīm28 yazamaide29.

(141) We worship88 the Fravashis87 of righteous85 maids83, almVadhuta84, Jaghrudha90, Franghādha96, alnUrudhayant2, and Paesanghanva8; we worship16

the Fravashi15 of the righteous14 aloHvaredhi13; we worship20 the Fravashi19 of the righteous18 Huchithra17, with the Fravashis23 of Kanuka21, and the righteous27 maid25 alpSrutat-Fedhri26.

(142) Kanyāo30 Vanghu-Fedhryāo31 ashaonyāo32 fravashīm33 yazamaide34; Kanyāo35 Eredat-Fedhryāo36 ashaonyāo37 fravashīm38 yazamaide39; yā40 vīspa-taurvairicha41 nāma42, avatha43 Vīspa-taurvairi44, yatha45 hā46 tem47 zīzanāt48, yō49 vīspe50 taurvayāt51 daēvāatcha52 tbaēshāo53 mashyā-atcha54, paitishtātēe55 jahi-karshtahe56 tbaēshanghō57.

(142) We worship34 the Fravashi33 of the righteous32 maid30, alqVanghu- Fedhri31; we worship39 the Fravashi38 of the righteous37 maid35, alrEredat- Fedhri36, (who name is) alsVispo-taurvairi44 for (this reason43 that45) she46 will give birth48 to that (man)47, who49 in order to withstand55 the evil57 caused56

by Jahi (i.e. evil of the female counterpart) will destroy51 all the malice53

(caused) by the daevas52, and by (wicked) men54.

(Kardāh XXXI) (143) Airyanām1 dakhyunām2 naram3 ashaonām4 fravashayō5 yazamaide6; Airyanām7 dakhyunām8 nāirinām9 ashaoninām10 fravashayō11 yazamaide12; Tūiryanām13 dakhyunām14 narām15 ashaonām16 fravashayō17 yazamaide18; Tūiryanām19 dakhyunām20 nāirinām21 ashaoninām22 fravashayō23 yazamaide24;

alm There was no need of the word ashaonō associated with this name. The word, ashaonyāo is enough.

aln Grammatically, this word is in masculine gender; it would be better if it would be, Urudhayantyāo like the word Ukhshentyāo occurring in the preceding paragraph. Also there is no need of the word occurring in the preceding paragraph.

alo It is not definitely ascertained whether this lady and the two following were unmarried or married like the names occurring in the preceding paragraph.

alp The name of the mother of the Prophet Hoshedar Bāmi, to be born at the time of Resurrection.

alq The name of the mother of the Prophet Hoshedar Māh, to be born at the time of Resurrection.

alr The name of the mother of the Prophet Soshyos, to be born at the time of the Resurrection.

als The original meaning of this word is, “the mother destroying all malice”.

FARVARDIN YASHT

Sairimanām25 dakhyunām26 narām27 ashaonām29 fravashayō29 yazamaide30; Sairimanām31 dakhyunām32 nāirinām33 ashaoninām34 fravashayō35 yazamaide36.

(143) We worship6 the Fravashis5 of the righteous4 men3 and women of the Iranian1 Countries2; we worship18 the Fravashis17 of the righteous16 men15

and women of altTuranian13 Countries14; and we worship20 the Fravashis29 of the righteous28 men27 and women of the aluSairima25 Countries26.

(144) Saininam37 dakhyunam38 naram39 ashaonām40 fravashayō41 yazamaide42; Saininam43 dakhyunam44 nairinam45 ashaoninam46 fravashayō47 yazamaide48; Dahinam49 dakhyunam50 naram51 ashaonām52 fravashayō53 yazamaide54; Dahinam55 dakhyunam56 nairinam57 ashaoninam58 fravashayō59 yazamaide60.

Vispanām61 dakhyunam62 naram63 ashaonām64 fravashayō65 yazamaide66; vispanām67 dakhyunam68 nairinam69 ashaoninām70

fravashayō71 yazamaide72; vīspāo73 ashāunām74 vanguhīsh75 sūrāo76

spentāo77 fravashayō78 yazamaide79 yāo80 hacha81 Gayāt82 Marethnat83 ā- Saoshyantāt84 verethraghnat85.

(144) We worship42 the Fravashis41 of the righteous40 men39 and women of alvSāini37 Countries38, we worship54 the Fravashis53 of the righteous52 men51

and women of alwDāhi49 Countries50.

(145) We worship66 the Fravashis65 of the righteous64 men63 and women of all61 countries62; we worship79 all73 the good75, heroic (and) beneficent77

Fravashis78 of the righteous (people)74 from81 Gayomard82-83 to84 the victorious85 Saoshyant84.

(146) Upa86-tū87-nō88 idha89 yāo90 ashaonām91 mōshu92 isentu93 fravashayō94, tāo95 nō96 jasentu97 avanghe98, tāo99 nō100 āzahuchit1 hatō2 thrāyente3 aiwi-dereshtāish4 avebish5; aomna6 Ahura Mazda7, Sraoshacha8 ashya9 sūra10 mānthracha spenta11 vīdusha12; yō13 vīdaēvō14 vīdaēvahe15 ashtō16 Mazdāo Ahurahe17; yim18 Zarathushtrō19 frerenaot20 hvāvantem21anghve22astvaite23.

(146) May (they) who90 (are) the Fravashis94 of the righteous (people)91

keep love93 over86 us88 here89 (i.e. in this world) quickly92 and verily87! (and) may they95 come97 to our96 help98! (Also) may those99 (Fravashis) save3 us100,

alt The countries allotted to Tura, the son of Faredun.

alu The countries allotted to Selam the son of Faredun. According to Firdausi these countries were situated in the West of Iran.

alv i.e. China and the provinces under the subjugation of China.

alw The countries inhabited by nomadic brave people situated in the Eastern direction of Caspian Sea. For its explanation, see my Avesta dictionary.

the living ones2 with (their) powerful4 help5 alxat the time of calamity1! (Besides, may those Fravashis be) (our) alyhelpers6 through Ahura Mazda7, through the brave10 righteous9 Sraosha yazata8, and through the learned12

alzMānthra Spenta11! Which13 (Mānthra Spenta) is opposed to the doctrines of daevas14 and the messenger16 of amaAhura Mazda17, whom18 (the Prophet) Zarathushtra19 ambsaw with the sincerest vision20-21 in the corporeal23 world22.

(147) Aora24 vanguhīsh25 upa-shaeta26 yāo27 āpō28, yāoscha29 urvarāo30, yāoscha31 ashaonām32 fravashayō33 Idha34 frithāo35 paitizantāo36 buyata37; ahmya38 nmāne39 idha40 āthravanō41 dakhyunām42 manyente43 vanghēush44 ashahe45 uzgēurvayente46 jaste47 ahmākem4S avanghe49 sūrāo50 yūshmākem51 yasnahe52 sēvishtāo53.

(148) Vīspanāmcha54 āonghām55 ashaonām56 ashaonināmcha57 idha58 yazamaide59 fravashīm60, yaēshām61 yashethwatcha62 urvānō63 zaoyāoscha64 fravashayō65. Vīspanāmcha67 āonghām68 ashaonām69 ashaonināmcha70 idha71 yazamaide72 fravashīm73, yaēshām74 nō75 Ahurō Mazdāo76 ashava77 yesne78 paiti79 vanghō80 vaēdha81. Vīspanāmcha82 aēshām83 Zarathushtrem84 paoirīm85 vahishtem86 Āhūirīm87 sūsrūma88 tkaēshem89.

(147) O ye good25 amcwaters28, trees30, and the Fravashis33 of the righteous (people)32! May you amdabide amedown here24! May you be loved35 and welcomed36 here34 (i.e.) in this38 house39. (O Fravashis!), Here40, (i.e. in this house) the priests41 of (various) countries42 amfthink43 of the good44

alx Original meaning, “in calamities”; āzahu is the locative plural of the word āzangh.

aly Aomna - present participle nominative plural; root av = Sanskrit av = to help.

alz As an abstract noun, the meaning of “mānthra spenta” is, “Holy Spell”, “sacred verses of the religion”; as a genitive noun its meaning is, “the yazata Mārespand”, who is the transmitter of the sacred verses of the religion from the Creator Ahura Mazda to the Prophet Zarathushtra. Holy Zarathushtra had reverence for him for this reason.

ama If we consider the word vidaēvahe as an epithet of Mazdāo Ahurahe, it would mean “opponent of the daeva”.

amb The original meaning is: Whom18 Zarathushtra19 considered worthy of respect20 like Himself21.

amc Before these words yāo, yāoscha occur and the meaning is, “who, and who”, respectively. If we take the meaning, word by word, it is translated thus:- (you) who (are) waters, and (you) who (are) trees and (you) who (are) Fravashis.

amd Fravashis in this world are pleased to remain amidst water and fragrant flowers, and for this reason during the holy Fravartikān days, fresh water and flowers are kept in a sanctified place.

ame i.e. in this house. Original meaning is, “lower, nether”; it is the comparative degree of ava avara = aora (by dropping the middle a).

amf i.e. Except goodness and righteousness no other thoughts are brought in the mind. The significance of this sentence seems to be, that religious teachers of various Iranian countries, and virtuous priests who had come out for propagating the religion of Zarathushtra, have stayed in this house after their return.

FARVARDIN YASHT

righteousness45.

O heroic50 (and) most beneficent53 (Fravashis)! for your51 help49 (i.e. for seeking your help) (and) for (your) worship52, our48 hands47 amgare lifted up46

(with entreaty).

(148) We worship59 here58 every Fravashi60 amongst the amhFravashis55 of all54 righteous (men)56 and women57. Whose61 souls63 (and) Fravashis65

amibeing worthy of praise62 (are) worthy of reverence64 (or worthy of invocation64). We worship72 here71 every Fravashi73 amongst the Fravashis68

of all righteous (men)69and righteous (women)70. In the invocation78 of whom (i.e. Fravashi)74 Holy77 Ahura Mazda76 amjhath recognised81 us75 as better80. Amongst all82 these83 (righteous men and women) we have heard88, (the Prophet) Zarathushtra84 (to be) the foremost85 and the best86 follower of the doctrine89 of Ahura Mazda87.

(149) Paoiryanām90 tkaēshanām91 paoiryanām92 sāsnō-gūshām93, idha94 ashaonām95 ashaonināmcha96, ahūmcha97 daēnāmcha98 baodhascha99 urvānemcha100 fravashīmcha1 yazamaide2, yōi3 ashāi4 vaonare5. Nabānazdishtanām6 idha7 ashaonām8 ashaonināmcha9, ahūmcha10 daēnāmcha11 baodhascha12 urvānemcha13 fravashīmcha14 yazamaide15, yōi16 ashāi17 vaonare18.

(149) We worship2 here94 the life97, intelligence99, soul100 and Fravashi1 of righteous95 (men) and righteous96 (women) of amkthe paoiryo-tkaeshas90-91, (and) of the first92 amlacceptors of the religion93, who3 fought with triumph5

for righteousness4. We worship15 here7 the life10, conscience11, intelligence12, soul13 and Fravashi14 of righteousness8. Also, we worship (men) and (women) of ammNabānazdishta6 who16 fought with triumph18 for righteousness17.

(150) Paoiryān19 tkaēshe20 yazamaide21, nmānanāmcha22, vīsāmcha23, zantunāmcha24 dakhunāmcha25, yōi26 āonghare27 Paoiryān28 tkaēshe29 yazamaide30, nmānanāmcha31 vīsāmcha32 zantunāmcha33 dakhyu-

amg In the sense of ustānazasta occurring in the yasna Hā 28.1 and yasna Hā 29.5.

amh The pronoun āonghām (of these) refers to Fravashis.

ami Yashethwat is ablative singular of yashtva - worthy of worship; root yaz = Sanskrit yaj.

amj i.e. as the invocation of the Fravashis was approved by the Creator Ahura Mazda, their invokers are regarded as better in the eyes of the Creator. If the word vanghō is taken as a noun, it is translated thus: in the invocation78 of whom (Fravashi)74 Holy77 Ahura Mazda76 knows81 happiness80 (or goodness80) for us; i.e. in the invocation of the Fravashis Ahura Mazda regards our happiness as included.

amk i.e. Mazda-worshippers of the age prior to the Prophet Zarathushtra.

aml Original meaning is those who paid attention to righteous education, those who first listened to the commandments of the religion. Sasna = Sans, shasan = religious education.

amm i.e. Those who have accepted the Religion of the Prophet Zarathushtra, persons born in the Religion of Zarathushtra; original meaning is, “nearest the navel”; from this it means, “next of kin”, “nearest relatives” (see Vendidad fargard IV, paras 5-10).

nāmcha34, yōi35 bābvare36; Paoiryān37 tkaēshe38 yazamaide39 nmānanāmcha40 vīsāmcha41 zantunāmcha42 dakhyunāmcha43, yōi44 henti45.

(151) Paoiryān46 tkaēshe47 yazamaide48, nmānanāmcha49 vīsāmcha50 zantunāmcha51 dakhyunāmcha52,

nmānanghānō53,

vīshānō54 zantushānō55 dainghushānō56 ashō-anghānō57 mānthrō-anghāno58 urvōanghānō59 vīspāishcha60 vanghūsh61 vanghushānō62.

(150) We worship21 the paoiryo-tkaeshas19-20of (these) houses22, streets23, towns24 and amncountries25, who26 had been27, who35 will be hereafter36, and who44 exist at present45.

(151) We worship48 the paoiryo-tkaeshas46-47 of (these) houses49, streets50, towns51 and countries52 (with all such characteristics as) amoworthy of the town55, the country56, righteousness57 (or possessed of love of righteousness), amppossessed of love for the Holy Spell (i.e. sacred verses of the religion)58, possessed of love for his own soul59 and regarded as worthy62 of all60

goodness61 in all respects62.

(152) Zarathushtrem62 vīspahe63 anghēush64 astvatō65 ahūmcha66 ratūmcha67 paoirimcha68 tkaēshem69 yazamaide70; hātām71 hudāstemem72, hātām73 hukhshathrōtemem74, hātām75 raēvastemem76, hātām77 khvarenanguhastemem78, hātām79 yesnyōtemera80, hātām81 vahmyōtemem82, hātām83 khshnaōthwotemem84, hātām85 frasastōtemem86. Yō87 nā88 ishtascha89 yesnyascha90 vahmyascha91 vaoche92, yathana93 kahmāichit94 hātām95, ashāt96 hacha97 yat98 vahishtāt99.

(153) Imāmcha100 zām1 y azamaide2, aomcha3 asmanem4 yazamaide5; tācha6 vohū7 yazamaide8, yā9 antarestā10 yesnyācha11 vahmyācha12 frāyashtva13 naire14 ashaone15.

(152) We worship70 (the Holy Prophet) Zarathushtra62 (who is) the lord66

and the leader67 of the entire63 corporeal65 world64 and the amqpaoiryotkaesha68-69.

Explanation:- (Qualities of the Prophet Zarathushtra are stated below):-

Holy Zarathushtra is the wisest72 of (all) living beings71, the best ruler74 of living beings73, the brightest76 and most glorious78 of living beings77, most worthy of worship80, of adoration82, propitiation84, (and) glorification86 of the

amn i.e. The inhabitants in the houses, streets, towns and countries.

amo i.e. Those who add lustre to houses, streets, towns and countries, etc., root han = san. to be worthy; to have love, to like; vīshānō = vīs + hānō; zantushanāō = zantu + hāno, etc.

amp By means of virtuous and righteous deeds. To have love for his own soul means, to render his own soul worthy of heaven after death.

amq i.e. Of the ancient faith. Lord Zarathushtra was himself a paoiryo-tkaesha; at the age of 40 he attained the status of the Prophet.

FARVARDIN YASHT

living beings85. (Holy Lord amrZarathushtra amsis known92 to us88 as beloved89, worthy of worship90 and adoration91 just as93 (this can be said) of any man94

(too) amongst the living beings95 on account of the best99 righteousness96-97.

(153) We worship2 this100 earth1; we worship5 the yonder3 sky4; and we worship8 (all) these6 amtgood creations7, standing between (the earth and the sky), worthy of worship11 and adoration12 (which are) worthy of worship13 for the righteous15 men14.

(154) Daitikanāmcha aidyunām yat urunō yazamaide, ashaonām āat urunō yazamaide, kudō-zātanāmchit narāmcha nāirināmcha; yaēshām vahehīsh daēnāo vanaintī vā, venghen vā, vaonare amuvā.

(155) Vanentām37 vanghentām38 vaonushām39 daēnosāchām40, idha41 ashaonām42 ashaonināmcha43 ahūmcha44 daēnāmcha45 baodhascha46 urvānemcha47 fravashīmcha48 yazamaide49, yōi50 ashāi51 vaonare52.

Yenghe hātām āat yesne paiti vanghō, Mazdāo Ahurō vaētha ashāt hachā, yāonghāmcha tānschā tāoschā yazamaide.

Yathā Ahū Vairyō 8.

(155) Here41 do we worship49 the life44, conscience45, intelligence46, soul47

and Fravashi48 of those who revere37, of those who will revere hereafter38 and of those who amvhave revered (amwthe laws of the Religion) as well as righteous42 (men) and (women) who have studied religious doctrines40 (and of all those) who50 fought52 with triumph52 for righteousness51.

(156) Ashāunām1 fravashinām2 ughranām3 aiwithūranām4, ughranām5 vārethraghninām6, Paoiryō-tkaēshanām7 fravashinām8, nabānazdishtanām9 fravashinām10, fravashayō11 khshnūtāo12 ayantu13 ahmya14 nmāne15, khshnūtāo16 vicharentu17 ahmya18 nmāne19.

(157) Khshnūtāo20 āfrīnentu21 ahmya22 nmāne23 vanguhīm24 Ashīm25 khvāparām26; Khshnūtāo27 pārayantu28 hacha29 ahmāt30 nmānāt31; staomācha32 rāzarecha33 barentu34 dathushō35 Ahurahe Mazdāo36 Ameshanām Spentanām37; māchim38 gerezānāo39 pārayantu40, hacha41 ahmāt42 nmānāt43 ahmākemcha44 Mazdayasnanām45.

amr Taking connection with the preceding words, the word yō refers to Zarathushtra.

ams Vaoche- Perfect Tense third person singular, root vach = Sanskrit vach - to speak.

amt Original meaning, “things”, “good things”. Compare Sanskrit vasu.

amu For the translation of this para, see Haftan yasht Large, Kardāh V, para 2.

amv Know that in para 154 above, verbs vanainti, venghen, and vaonare have occurred; the same verbs have occurred in this para in present, future and perfect tense, respectively.

amw The word daēnāo occurring in the para 154 above should be taken here.

(156) May the strong3, triumphant4, and victorious6 amxFravashis11 of the righteous (people)1 amongst the paoiryo-tkaeshas7 and Nabānazdishta9

come13 (and) being pleased16 may move about in this18 house19!

(157) May those Fravashis mentioned above amybeing pleased20 amzask the blessings21 for self-supporting26 Ashishvangh24-25 in this22 house23. (Moreover) may (those Fravashis) being pleased27 depart28 from29 this30 house31! and may they carry34 (our) hymns of praise32 and worship33 (in presence) of the Creator35 Ahura Mazda36 (and) the Amesha Spentas37! May they ananot38

depart40 complaining39 (i.e. displeased) from41 this42 house43 of us44, the Mazda-worshippers45.

(To recite in a low tone) Hormazd Khodāe awazūnie mardum, mardum sardagān hamā sardagān, hambāyaste vehān, oem behedīn māzdayasnān āgāhī āstavānī nekī rasānad aedūn bād. (To recite aloud) Yathā Ahū Vairyō 2.

Yasnemcha vahmemcha aojascha zavarecha āfrīnāmi ashāunām fravashinām ughranām aiwithūranām Paoiryōtkaēshanām fravashinām nabānazdishtanām fravashinām. Ashem Vohū 1.

Ahmāi raēshcha; Hazangrem; Jasa me avanghe Mazda; Kerfeh Mozd.

Roz nek nām, roz pāk nām, roz mubārak (falān) māhe mubārak (falān), gāhe (falān) namāz dādāre gehān dāmān. Khshnaothra Ahurahe Mazdāo, tarōidīte angrahe mainyēush. Haithyāvarshtām hyat vasnā ferashōtemem, Staomi ashem; Ashem Vohū 1.

Gorje Khoreh awazāyād Ardāfravash berasād, amāvand pirozgar amāvandī pirozgarī. Dād dīn beh Māzdayasnān āgāhi ravāi goāfrangāni bād hafte keshvar zamīn; aedūn bād. Man āno āwāyad shudan, man āno āwāyad shudan, man āno āwāyad shudan; ashaone Ashem Vohū 1.

(Facing the South:) Dādāre gehān dine Māzdayasnī dāde Zarathushti. Nemase-te ashāum sēvishte Aredvi Sūra Anahite ashaone Ashem Vohū 1.

Nemō urvaire vanguhi Mazdadhāte ashaone Ashem Vohū 1.

Ashāunām vanguhīsh sūrāo spentāo fravashayō yazamaide. Ashem Vohū 1.

Ardāfravash beresād. Ashem Vohū 1.

amx In the original text there is, “the Fravashis amongst of the righteous (people)”.

amy Or above-mentioned those Fravashis being pleased.

amz i.e. Shower such blessings that this house may be full of righteousness, happiness and riches. Note that Ashishvangh is the yazata presiding over wealth and happiness.

ana The original meaning of māchim is, “not anyone”.