Speak carefully
Pronunciation Guide
Use audio first, then learn a few recurring sounds instead of trying to master every mark at once.
Core sounds
ā
A long “a,” similar to the vowel in father.
ē / ī / ū
Long vowels. Hold them slightly longer than e, i, and u.
kh / x
A breathy sound from the back of the mouth, like the “ch” in Scottish loch.
sh / zh
Like English sh; zh resembles the middle sound in “vision.”
th / dh
Often pronounced like the sounds in “thin” and “this,” though recitation traditions vary.
Learning method
- Listen to one complete recitation.
- Repeat only the first phrase.
- Match rhythm before speed.
- Record yourself.
- Compare gently; clarity matters more than performance.
Community variation
Avestan pronunciation is reconstructed and also transmitted through living community traditions. Iranian and Parsi recitation styles may differ. This guide supports learning but does not replace a qualified teacher or mobed.