How the Interlinear Works
A word-for-word reader must expose uncertainty instead of making ancient grammar look simpler than it is.
The four displayed layers
1. Source form
The word as it appears in the page’s transliteration. Editorial punctuation and word breaks assist learners.
2. Lemma
The dictionary form or concept under which the inflected word is analyzed.
3. Grammar
The likely case, number, person, tense, compound type, or liturgical function. When grammar remains disputed, the page says so.
4. Reader gloss
The closest compact English aid. It is not automatically the best English translation of the whole sentence.
Confidence labels
Coverage labels
Complete original prayer means the whole source prayer on that page is word-analyzed. Core means the central liturgical formula is word-analyzed. Opening means the distinguishing original-language opening is analyzed while the complete ritual sequence is supplied in English. Long composite Gāhs and Niyayeshes require manuscript-level collation before they can honestly receive a “complete critical interlinear” label.
What this edition refuses to do
It does not invent missing Avestan, pretend that one source word always equals one English word, or disguise eFireTemple theology as ancient grammar.